THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


*••* 


AND  VERBATIM  REPORTING 


F.  WILLIS  MOSHER 


''V^ 

\rucHTVpEWHiTTNX5  CHARTS 


AND  THE  COMPLETE 


TYPEWRITER  INSTRUCTOR 


SECQND 


PUBLISHED  BY 

ROHRBOUGH  BROTHERS 
OMAHA,  NEB. 

1903 


COPTBIUHT  1908,  BY  F.  NVllJ.IS  MOSHKH 


.MKWTIiY   PRINTING   CO. 

OMAHA 


M 
/  705 

CONTENTS. 


PACE 

Preface'  v  i 

Introductory  -      ]  x 

Shorthand  Penmanship  XIV 


FIRST  LESStN. 

C«ns»nants  1 

«*  V»wels  1 

£j  Rules  f*r  Writing  V«wels  2 

Method  of  Study  -  3 

09 

13 

SECOND  LESSON. 

g      The  V»wel   E  -  6 

in       SH  and   CH  6 

5      S  7 
^      Z     -                                                                            -            -        7 

Rules  f»r  the  Use  «f  S  7 
a 
5                                          THIRD  LESS8N. 

The  V«wel  I  -       10 

St  10 

FOURTH  LESSON. 

The  ®-H»»k  13 

Rules  f«r  the   0-Hook  13 
Str                                                                                           -      14 


448300 


iv  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

FIFTH  LESSON.  PAGE 

The  U-H»»k  17 

Ruje  for  the  U-H»«k  17 

The  T-Hook  18 

The  D-Hook  18 

Rules  for  the  T  and  D  Hooks  19 

SIXTH  LESSON. 

Word-Signs  -       22 

Phrasing  22 

SEVENTH  LESSON. 

The  Diphthong  01  -       25 

The  Diphthong  EW  25 

The  Diphthong  OW  -      25 

Blended  Consonants  26 

Lengthening  Principle  -       27 

EIGHTH  LESSON. 

Tick  for  A,  AN  or  AND        -  29 

OF  and  OF   THE  .      30 

x  30 

NINTH  LESSON. 

W  and  Y    -  .33 

YA  and  YE      -                           -             -             .             .  34 

TENTH  LESSON. 

NG  -      36 

NGK  36 

Tr                                                                                  -  37 

!>'•                                                                                         -  37 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  v 

ELEVENTH  LESSON.  PAOE 

Suggestions  -      39 

Suggestions  on  Phrasing  40 

Letters  with  Key  -      42 

TWELFTH  LESSON. 

Reversing  Circle  Vowels  to  add  R  and  L       -  45 

Addition  of  S  to  a  Reverse  Circle  -       47 

Addition  of  LY  48 

The  0-Hook  Repeated  48 

THIRTEENTH  LESSON. 

Reversing  Principle   (Continued)  "49 

FOURTEENTH  LESSON. 

Xd  and  Nt  Indicated  5.3 

FIFTEENTH  LESSON. 

Thr  57 

SIXTEENTH  LESSON. 

Mp  and  Mb  -       02 

SEVENTEENTH  LESSON. 

Omission  of  Words  66 

Figures  .       67 

EIGHTEENTH  LESSON. 

The  Gr-Hook  70 

NINETEENTH  LESSON. 

The  Kl-Hook  7-1 


vi  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

TWENTIETH  LESSON.  PA<SE 

Omission  of  Letters  78 

Joining  Vowels     -  -       79 

The  ATIC-Hook  SO 

TWENTY-FIRST  LESSON. 

Joined  Prefixes 

TWENTY-SECOND  LESSON. 

Disjoined  Prefixes 

TWENTY-THIRD  LESSON. 

Joined  Affixes       -  97 

TWENTY-FOURTH  LESSON. 

Disjoined  Affixes  103 


Complete  List  of  Word-Signs  113 

Complete  List  of  Phrases  131 

Exercises  Illustrating  Phrases  134,  13S     140 

Letters  142 

Testimony  158 

Charge  to  Jury  172 

Writing    Exercise,    "Life    is    a    Battle."  177 

"From  Webster's  Reply  to  Hayne."  180 

Writing  Exercise,  "Little  Hindrances  to  Success."  185 

"Hryan's  Speech  at  Chicago,  July  18,  1903."  187 
"From  the  Argument  of  Daniel  Webster  on  the  Trial 

of  John  Francis  Knapp."  198 

"Is  there  Iron  in  Your  Blood?"  202 

Cities  and  Countries  204 

I  >:iys  and  Months  205 

States  and   Torn  lories      -  -     205 


PREFACE, 


"Improvement  the  order  of  the  age,"  is  as  true  as  it  is 
familiar.  Perfection,  if  ever  attained,  is  the  result  of 
serious  inquiry,  careful  experiment,  and  gradual  change. 
The  mechanic,  who  is  able  to  discover  and  then  remedy 
the  defect  of  a  given  piece  of  machinery,  oftentimes  dis- 
plays as  much  inventive  genius  as  the  man  who  first  con- 
trived the  imperfect  model.  This  is  exemplified  in  every 
department  of  human  activity,  but  in  none,  perhaps,  more 
than  in  the  realm  of  shorthand.  It  is  safe  to  say  that 
every  author  of  shorthand,  since  the  time  of  the  early 
pioneers,  deserves  greater  credit  for  adaptation,  and  ar- 
rangement of  certain  well  known  characters,  or  outlines, 
than  he  does  for  the  creation  or  invention  of  anything 
actually  new;  for  we  have  yet  to  find  any  modern  system, 
the  symbols  or  characters  of  which,  do  not  have  a  close 
resemblance  to  the  characters  found  in  the  primitive  sys- 
tems. If  this  be  true,  the  modern  shorthand  author  has 
but  little  right  to  base  his  claim  for  credit  upon  anything 
more  than  the  arrangement,  adaptation,  and  application 
of  signs  and  symbols  already  existing. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  text  upon  light-line  short- 
hand, the  author  lays  no  claim  to  having  originated  an 
entirely  new  system,  but  he  does  claim  to  have  prescribed 
certain  remedies  for  the  numerous  defects  known  to  be 
inherent  in  the  Gregg  system,  as  presented  by  the  author's 


viii  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

latest  text  book.  The  improvements  consist  chiefly  of 
the  adaptation  and  use  of  certain  expedients,  which  will 
add  very  materially  to  the  legibility  and  speed,  and  most 
of  all,  give  it  a  standing  among  the  reporting  systems. 
He  has  earnestly  sought  to  do  for  the  Gregg  system,  what 
Andrew  J.  Graham  did  for  the  Pitman,  and  in  the  comple- 
tion of  his  work,  has  a  right  to  indulge  the  hope,  that  the 
result  of  his  endeavor  may  be  carefully  judged  by  im- 
partial and  unprejudiced  teachers  and  students  of  short- 
hand. 

F.  WILLIS  MOSHER. 

Omaha,  Nebraska,  October,  1903. 


INTRODUCTORY. 


Eecent  years  have  shown  marked  activity  and  progress 
in  shorthand.  .  The  most  noteworthy  event  is  the  dis- 
position and  desire  to  break  away  from  the  old  systems. 
There  seems  to  be  a  well  grounded  conviction  that  a  sys- 
tem of  shorthand,  the  alphabet  of  which  is  encumbered 
with  many  shades  and  slants,  is  too  antiquated  for  modern 
exigencies.  A  system  of  shorthand  so  complicated  as  to 
make  it  extremely  difficult  to  master,  no  longer  attracts 
those  who  believe  that  something  more  simple  and  vastly 
superior  may  be  substituted  for  it. 

If  the  old  Pitmanic  systems  could  have  been  in  some  way 
simplified,  which  seems  to  have  been  impossible,  it  is  safe 
to  say  that  many  of  the  so-called  modern  systems  would 
never  have  appeared.  Because  of  this,  they  are  no  longer 
taught  in  many  of  our  leading  schools  and  colleges,  but 
have  been  replaced  by  other  systems,  some  good,  some  bad, 
some  wholly  bad,  while  none  are  perfect.  The  demand 
for  something  more  modern  was  so  great  that  almost  any 
new  system,  however  crude  and  imperfect,  received  a  re- 
spectful hearing.  At  this  opportune  time,  the  Gregg  sys- 
tem was  presented  as  a  panacea  for  all  the  ills  complained 
of,  and  while  the  author  of  it  believed  it  to  be  equal  to  every 
emergency,  those  who  Avere  desiring  a  substitute  for  the 
Pitmanic  systems  were  disposed  to  be  charitable.  A  few 
leading  schools  adopted  it,  and  from  that  time  on  it  rap- 
idly grew  in  popularity  and  use.  It  was  soon  put  to  a 
severe  test,  but  when  severely  tried  was  found  wanting,  be- 
cause it  was  yet  crude  and  undeveloped.  Instead  of  as- 
suming a  recognized  place  among  the  reporting  systems, 
it  was  a  sore  disappointment  to  many  who  had  adopted  it. 


x  MOSIIEK  SHORTHAND. 

It  had  many  things  to  command  it,  but  its  long  outlines 
and  its  lack  of  legibility  and  speed,  were  discouraging  fea- 
tures. The  only  solution  of  the  increasing  difficulty 
seemed  to  be  to  either  strengthen  its  weak  places  by  making 
needed  changes,  or  abandon  it  altogether.  The  author  of 
the  Gregg  system  was  made  aware  of  the  discontent  which 
so  generally  prevailed,  and  endeavored,  to  the  best  of  his 
ability,  to  provide  relief.  His  recent  revised  edition  is 
presumed  to  contain  all  the  needed  changes,  but  it  will 
require  only  a  casual  examination  upon  the  part  of  any- 
one conversant  with  the  different  systems  of  shorthand,  to 
see  that  many  improvements  are  yet  needed  to  make  Gregg 
shorthand  a  really  desirable  and  efficient  system. 

We  give  below  some  of  the  advantages  which  the  Mosher 
system,  as  presented  in  this  text,  has  over  the  Gregg  sys- 
tem : 

1.  In  the  Mosher  system,  tr  is  represented  by  one  stroke, 
in  the  Gregg  by  two  strokes. 

2.  In  the  Mosher  system,  dr    is    represented    by  one 
stroke,  in  the  Gregg  by  two  strokes. 

3.  In  the  Mosher  system,  st  is  represented  by  one  stroke, 
in  the  Gregg  by  two  strokes. 

4.  In   the   Mosher  system,  str  is  represented   by  one 
stroke,  in  the  Gregg  by  three  strokes. 

5.  In    the  Mosher  system,  mp  is  represented  by  one 
stroke,  in  the  Gregg  by  two  strokes. 

6.  In   the   Mosher  system,  mb  is   represented  by   one 
stroke,  in  the  Gregg  by  two  strokes. 

7.  In   the   Mosher  system,   tltr  is  represented  by   one 
stroke,  in  the  Gregg  by  two  strokes. 

8.  By  the  lengthening  principle  given  in  the  Mosher 
system,    from    two   to   three   strokes  are  gained  over   the 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  xi 

9.  The  t-Jtook  in  the  Mosher  system  saves  one  stroke 
over  the  Gregg. 

10.  The  d-liook  in  the  Mosher  system  saves  one  stroke 
over  the  Gregg. 

11.  The  nt-loop  in  the  Mosher  system  saves  one  stroke 
over  the  Gregg. 

12.  The  indication  of  con,  saves  one  stroke  over  the 
Gregg. 

13.  The  tick  of  the  Mosher  system,  for  a,  an,  and  and, 
has  a  great  advantage  over  the  Gregg  stroke  and  dots. 

14.  The  gr-hook  of  the  Mosher  system  saves  two  strokes 
over  the  Gregg. 

15.  The  kl-hook  of  the  Mosher  system  saves  two  strokes 
over  the  Gregg. 

16.  The  indication  of  L  in  the  Mosher  system  saves  one 
stroke  over  the  Gregg. 

IT.  The  Mosher  system  discriminates  between  conflict- 
ing words,  thus  securing  absolute  legibility,  whereas  in  the 
Gregg,  such  words  as:  in  and  not,  you  and  your,  by  and 
hrhind.  lire  and  leave,  and  fall  and  follow,  there  is  abso- 
lutely no  distinction,  making  it  impossible  to  write  and 
correctly  read  such  matter  as  will  be  found  on  pages  106, 
167  and  169  of  this  book. 

"By  the  application  of  these  and  other  "short  cuts," 
found  in  this  text,  speed  is  increased  from  thirty  to  fifty 
per  cent,  and  at  the  same  time,  on  account  of  the  indi- 
viduality of  outlines  secured,  the  legibility  is  also  greatly 
increased. 

Where  consonant  sounds  or  letters  are  limited  to  one 
way  of  representation,  regardless  of  the  connection  in 
which  they  are  used,  as  found  in  the  Gregg  system,  there 
must  be  but  little  individuality  of  words.  While  there 
may  necessarily  be  a  little  difference  in  the  outlines,  still 
tliis  difference  is  so  slight  that  individualit}r  is  at  once 


xii  MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 

lost,  especially  in  those  words  composed  of  the  same,  or 
similar  consonant  sounds.  Without  this  individuality,  one 
must  depend  entirely  upon  context,  and  this  is  often  mis- 
leading. 

Perhaps  the  best  way  to  illustrate  this  lack  of  indi- 
viduality will  be  to  refer  to  the  Gregg  notes  which  ap- 
peared in  the  November  and  December  (1902)  numbers 
of  the  Phonographic  World.  Jn  these  two  numbers  we 
find  the  words  stairs,  stars,  still,  and  shutters,  written  as 

follows  : 

stairs,  stars,  still,  shutters 


Compare  them  with  the  Mosher  outlines  in  tlir  -aim- 
issues  of  the  World,  written  as  follows  : 

stairs,  stars,  still,  shutters 
V         ^         V-        $ 

It  will  at  once  be  seen  that  the  Gregg  outlines  are  al- 
most identically  the  same,  especially  if  written  with  any 
degree  of  speed.  The  individuality  of  the  Mosher  outlines 
makes  confusion  impossible.  These  comparisons  are  not 
limited  to  those  above,  but  could  be  extended  indefinitely. 

Tn  the  preparation  of  this  text,  the  author  has  retained 
all  the  good  features  found  in  the  Gregg  system,  and 
discarded  those  which  are  bad;  for  instance,  the  dropping 
of  terminations,  conflicting  words,  long  outlines,  etc.  It 
will  also  be  noticed  that  this  text  contains  a  full  list  of 
practical  word-signs,  the  advantage  of  which  will  be 
readily  admitted.  Some  authors,  and  a  few  teachers,  labor 
under  the  delusion  that  the  fewer  word-signs  a  text  con- 
tains. the  better  it  is.  When  looking  at  a  text-book,  the 
author  of  which  prides  himself  on  the  small  number  of 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  xm 

word-signs,  a  reporter  of  years'  experience  aptly  remarked : 
"It  seems  to  be  a  boy's  vocabulary  with  which  to  do  a  man's 
work."  The  author  of  this  text  has  endeavored  to  furnish 
a  man's  vocabulary,  with  which  to  do  a  man's  work.  The 
word-signs,  phrases,  and  also  the  writing  and  reading  ex- 
ercises herein  given,  have  been  made  so  extensive,  that  a 
student  completing  this  text-book  in  a  thorough  manner 
will  have  a  good  reporting  vocabulary  at  his  command. 

No  effort  has  been  made  to  make  this  system  resemble 
longhand.  Longhand  is  not  adapted  to  rapid  writing. 
When  great  effort  is  made  to  write  long  hand  with  high 
speed,  legibility  is  generally  destroyed.  In  the  place  of 
trying  to  make  this  system  resemble  longhand,  the  author 
has  endeavored  to  furnish  a  light-line,  non-position  sys- 
tem, which  can  be  adapted  to  verbatim  reporting.  As  an 
evidence  of  how  well  he  has  succeeded,  it  might  be  well  to 
state  that,  while  the  system  is  little  more  than  a  year  old, 
it  is  now  being  used  for  court  reporting,  as  well  as  for  the 
highest  grade  of  amanuensis  work. 

The  author  of  this  text  deems  it  a  privilege,  as  well  as 
a  right,  to  make  any  suggestions  or  improvements  which 
materially  strengthen  the  Gregg  system.  In  doing  this, 
he  desires  to  reiterate  his  oft-repeated  declaration,  namely : 
"That  the  Gregg  system  is  based  upon  correct  principles, 
and  when  properly  developed  will  meet  every  exigency 
made  upon  any  system,  by  both  amanuensis  and  reporter." 


SHORTHAND   PENMANSHIP. 


Shorthand  Penmanship  has  come  to  be  regarded  as  an 
essential  part  of  a  course  in  Shorthand.  This  being  true 
it  is  not  out  of  place  to  offer  a  few  suggestions  which,  if 
carefully  followed,  will  enable  the  learner  of  Shorthand  to 
write  it  legibly  and  rapidly.  Special  attention  is  called  to 
the  movement  herein  recommended  as  being,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  author,  the  only  one  which  is  destined  to  produce 
satisfactory  results.  By  carefully  following  the  sugges- 
tions herein  given  the  student  will  soon  acquire  a  mastery 
over  all  the  outlines  to  be  used  in  Mosher  Shorthand. 

MATERIALS.  Xo  learner  can  afford  to  retard  his  progress 
by  using  poor  materials.  The  best  paper,  pens,  and  ink 
should  be  secured. 

PAPER.  A  note  book  should  be  selected  which  contains 
a  grade  of  paper  adapted  to  the  use  of  pen  and  ink. 

INK.  A  good  quality  of  black  ink  should  be  used.  Ink 
should  be  selected  which  flows  freely. 

PENS.  A  steel  pen  is  preferable  to  either  a  fountain 
pen  or  an  ordinary  gold  pen.  The  Spencerian  Counting 
House  pen  is  excellent  for  shorthand  purposes. 

PEN-HOLDERS.  A  pen-holder  of  medium  size  with  cork 
or  rubber  tip  should  be  used.  Metallic  or  other  highly 
polished  holders  are  not  suitable. 

PENCILS.  When  a  pencil  is  used,  the  student  should 
supply  himself  with  three  or  four  of  medium  hardness, 
which  have  been  well  sharpened. 

PEN  HOLDING.  No  one  can  hope  to  attain  a  high  speed 
when  he  holds  the  pen  with  the  hand  in  a  cramped  posi- 
tion. The  accompanying  cuts  illustrate  the  best  method 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


xvr  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

of  holding  the  pen,  and  also  the  position  of  the  arm  and 
hand.  The  elbow  should  extend  a  little  over  the  edge  of 
the  desk;  the  wrist  should  be  slightly  arched.  Study  the 
cuts  carefully,  and  then  endeavor  to  hold  your  pen  as 
shown  in  the  illustrations. 

MOVEMENTS.  Two  movements  are  used.  First,  a  slid- 
ing movement;  that  is,  the  hand  slides  from  left  to  right. 
Second,  finger  movement,  which  is  the  action  of  the  thumb 
with  the  first  and  second  fingers. 

K,  G,  R,  L,  N",  and  M  should  be  made  exclusively  with 
the  sliding  movement.  In  forming  the  slanting  characters, 
and  the  hooks,  circles  and  loops,  the  thumb  and  fingers 
should  be  used  in  connection  with  the  sliding  movement. 
Just  enough  pressure  should  be  made  with  the  thumb 
against  the  pen  to  hold  it  in  place.  The  muscles  of  the 
thumb  and  fingers  should  be  so  relaxed  that  they  may  ho 
brought  into  action  instantaneously  to  supplement  the 
sliding  movement. 

What  penmen  call  "muscular  movement,"  that  is,  allow- 
ing the  arm  to  roll  on  the  muscles  of  the  forearm,  should 
be  strenuously  avoided,  as  this  movement  is  not  adapted  to 
shorthand  writing.  Those  who  adopt  it  never  acquire  high 
speed,  neither  do  they  become  accurate  writers. 

In  writing  shorthand,  as  the  point  of  the  pen  moves  from 
left  to  right  the  hand  should  slide  an  equal  distance.  The 
movement  of  the  pen  and  the  sliding  of  the  hand  on  the 
tips  of  the  third  and  fourth  fingers  should  be  simultaneous. 
Do  not  make  a  horizontal  character  with  the  fingers  and 
then  hitch  the  hand  along.  Whore  a  stenographer  writes 
•that  way  ho  uses  two  movements  where  one  would  suffice. 
The  result  is  it  requires  double  the  physical  exertion  that 
is  used  when  the  hand  and  pen  move  simultaneously. 

An  effort  should  be  made  to  keep  the  hand  continuously 
moving  from  left  to  right,  keeping  the  point  of  the  pen 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 


XVII 


XVIII 


MOSTIER  SHORTHAND. 


close  to  the  paper  and  moving  with  a  steady,  uniform 
action. 

In  practicing  the  movement  exercises,  do  not  make  them 
with  a  quick  dash,  but  let  the  hand  move  slowly  and  con- 
tinuously. When  making  the  horizontal  lines,  the  hand 
should  slide  from  left  to  right  with  the  same  action  and  at 


the  same  speed  it  does  when  writing  shorthand,  and  when 
writing  shorthand  the  hand  should  move  from  left  to  right 
with  the  same  action  it  does  when  making  the  horizontal 
lines.  When  a  stenographer's  hand  has  been  properly 
trained,  he  will,  when  taking  rapid  dictation,  move  the 
hand  PO  steadily  and  continuously,  that  a  person  standing 
a  few  feet  away  would  be  unable  to  tell  by  the  movement 


22^- 

MOSJIER  SHORTHAND.  xix 

^6^/^t  5>  *  /XT-Wi  .  V/2, "  \ 

of  the  hand,  whether  he^vere  writingjjliertliand  or  making 
horizontal  lines.     ^ 


TURNING  LEAVES.  As  soon  as  the  fif*st  four  or  five  lines 
of  a  page  have  been  written,  the  leaf  should  be  slipped  up 
slightly  with  the  left  hand,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
cut.  The  thumb  is  kept  under  the  leaf  while  the  finger^ 
are  used  to  hold  the  lower  part  of  it  down  smoothly.  Ajs 
the  writer's  hand  passes  from  the  end  of  one  line  to  the 
beginning  of  the  next,  the  left  hand  should  slip  the  paper. 

There  are  two  advantage^  jf>  be  gained  by  manipulating 
the  leaves  in  this  way.  x'*First,  it  enables  the  writer  when 
he  gets  to  the  end  of  the  page,  to  turn  to  the  next  page 
without  the  loss  of  time.      Second,  it  affords  a  good  place 
for  the  hand  to  slip  along  when  the  writer  has  nearly  rt^ 
reached  the  bottom  of  the  page.      Good  notes  cannot 
:nade  whjjQ  the  fingers  have  to  slide  on  a  desk  or 


7 

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ks^  ^ 

sfv  ' 

u"-i>.-»   *<*     ^ 

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XX 


MOSHER    SlIOETHAND. 


7-7 


7'7 


L,L- 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  xxi 


XXII  MOSHEU  SlIOUTllAMJ. 


Tin-  sliorilijind   in  this  hook  wns  photo-ciiirravcd   from 
original  notes  written  by  the  author. 


LESSON    I. 

1.       N        M  K  L  K          G* 

The  above  characters  are  made  from  left  to  right. 

2.  P        B        F        V        J 

P,  B,  F,  V,  J,  are  made  with  downward  strokes. 

3.  H     T          D      TH  .  TH 

T,  D,  TH,  are  made  with  upward  strokes. 

VOWELS. 

4.  In  shorthand,  vowels  are  represented  by  hooks  and 
circles. 

A  is  represented  by  a  large  circle.     A  dash  may  be  placed 


NOTE. — In   shorthand,  we  spell  phonetically ;   that  is,  all   silent 
letters  are  omitted. 

*  G  represents  the  hard  sound  of  G,  and  is  therefore  called  Gay. 


2  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

under  it  to  indicate  the  long  sound,  a  breve  to  indicate  the 
short  sound,  and  a  dot  the  medium  sound. 

XO         as  in  mail. 
2.         as  in  mat. 
o         as  in  mar. 


RULES  FOE  WRITING  VOWELS. 

5.  RULE  I.  When  a  circle  vowel  begins  or  ends  a  word, 
it  is  written  on  the  lower  side  of  straight  characters,  and  on 
the  inside  of  curves. 

may        hame     ate       day     pay     ape     ray     ache 


RULE  II.  A  vowel  occurring  between  two  straight  char- 
acters which  join  without  an  angle,  is  written  in  accord- 
ance with  the  movement  of  the  hands  of  a  clock. 

date  name  man  main 


RULE  III.  A  vowel  occurring  between  two  straight 
characters  joined  with  an  angle,  is  written  on  the  outside 
of  the  angle. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


dame 


EULE  IV.  A  vowel  occurring  between  two  curved  char- 
acters which  extend  in  the  same  direction,  is  written  in- 
side the  second  curve. 

lake  gale  rare  cake           rake 


EULE  V.     A  vowel  occurring  between  a  straight  and  a 
curved  character,  is  written  on  the  inside  of  the  curve. 
mail  dale  lame  cane         fame 


EXCEPTION  TO  EULE  V.  When  P  or  B  is  followed  by 
a  circle  vowel  and  N,  M,  T,  or  D,  the  vowel  is  written  on 
the  outside  of  the  curve. 

pain    bane    bait       pate         palm 


METHOD  OF  STUDY. 

6.  In  preparing  the  lessons  in  this  book,  each  exercise 
should  be  studied  until  it  can  be  read  without  reference  to 
the  key.  It  should  then  be  written  and  compared  with 
the  engraved  copy. 


4  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

In  making  this  comparison,  be  careful  to  make  the  char- 
acters the  proper  length,  and  the  vowels  the  proper  size. 

After  the  preceding  instructions  have  been  complied 
with,  read  the  exercise  which  has  no  key,  then  transcribe  it 
into  longhand,  then  the  longhand  into  shorthand,  and  com- 
pare notes  with  the  engraving. 


EXERCISE  WITH  KEY. 


8.  KEY. 

1.  Neigh,  may,  ray,  lay,  gay,  hame,  hail,  ape,  age. 

2.  Tame,  Dane,  Jane,  pain,  feign,  day,  hay,  hate,  Jay, 
bay,  ache. 

3.  Fan,  jam,  tan,  pan,  lamb,  Jap,  van,  ran,  back,  lap. 

4.  Far,  calm,  par,  bath,  ark,  palm,  mark,  bar. 


NOTE.— Words   which   are   to    be   capitalized    when   transcribing 
are  indicated  by  placing  under  them  two  short  ticks. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  5 

9.  EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 

#     ^     ^    —   —    f -/^ 

- — jx*5? T^<  °^ 


/ 


r  V 

x-  •  o  /f     >P- 

<~-  Q     v.^--,      Q_^     >«i__— C5 ~~*—&         \JZ/\JP 

y  "s  i/"  v^  Vv/^v^ x J^  ^  • 

V^        1r 
QUESTIONS. 


Name  the  characters  made  from  left  to  right. 

Name  those  made  with  downward  strokes. 

Name  those  made  with  upward  strokes. 

How  is  H  indicated? 

How  are  vowels  represented  in  shorthand? 

How  is  A  represented? 

How  are  the  various  sounds  indicated? 

When  a  circle  vowel  begins  a  word  or  ends  a  word,  how  is 
it  written  ? 

How  are  circle  vowels  written  to  straight  characters  which 
are  joined  without  angles? 

How  is  a  vowel  written  which  occurs  between  two  straight 
characters  joined  with  an  angle  ? 

How  is  a  circle  vowel  written  between  two  curved  charac- 
ters extending  in  the  same  direction? 

When  a  vowel  occurs  between  a  straight  and  a  curved 
character,  how  is  it  generally  written? 

What  exception  is  there  to  this? 


LESSON    II. 


10.  E    E     SH     CH      S     S        Z        Z 

o         o          /          /  j         f  )  ( 

11.  The  vowel  E  is  represented  by  a  small  circle.     A 
dash  may  be  placed  under  it  to  indicate  the  long  sound, 
and  a  breve  to  indicate  the  short  sound. 

12.  SH  and  CH  are  made  with  downward  strokes. 
They  are  made  on  the  same  slant  as  J,  but  are  much 
shorter,  SH  being  a  mere  tick.     They  should  be  written 
more  nearly  vertical  than  T  and  D. 


READING  EXERCISE. 


1.  Knee,  me,  lee,  key,  fee,  tea,  here,  she,  team,  dean, 
mean. 

2.  Bell,  fell,  sell,  bet,  pet,  check,  neck,  peck,  deck,  egg. 

3.  Leap,  reap,  heap,  bean,  dell,  knell,  eel,  reel,  eat. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


15.  S  somewhat  resembles  TH,  but  is  easily  distin- 
guished from  it  as  it  is  more  nearly  vertical,  and  is  made 
with  a  downward  stroke,  while  TH  is  invariably  written 
with  an  upward  stroke. 

16.  S  may  be  written  with  either  a  right  or  left  curve. 
The  form  made  with  a  right  curve  is  used  more  frequently 
than  the  other,  and  is  therefore  called  the  "standard"  S. 
The  form  made  with  a  left  curve  is  made  with  the  reverse 
movement  of  the  hand,  and  is  therefore  called  the  "re- 
verse" S. 


z. 


17.  In  nearly  all  cases  Z  may  be  represented  by  the 
same  character  that  is  used  for  S,  but  where  desirable  Z  may 
be  distinguished  from  S  by  making  the  Z  a  little  longer. 
When  Z  begins  a  word  it  is  generally  safer  to  make  this 
distinction,  but  when  it  occurs  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end 
of  a  word  it  is  seldom  necessary  to  do  so. 


RULES   FOR  THE   USE   OF   S. 

18.     RULE  I.     When  S  is  the  only  consonant  in  the 
word  the  standard  S  should  be  used. 

say  as  see  essay 

d  9  J  3 


8  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

EULE  II.  When  8  is  joined  to  curves,  that  form  is  used 
which  corresponds  in  curvature  with  the  consonant  to 
which  it  is  attached. 

slay  spear  save          bakes  case 


RULE  III.     When  S  is  joined  to  straight  characters,  that 
form  is  used  which  will  make  the  sharper  angle. 
panes          bates  lanes  gains 


19.  READING  EXERCISE. 


^    -f-  ^7^  ^ 

5^    —^  y  o^  -^  •£  -— -p^-  -^ 


•9  v_^   -f?  4 -^    V    -- — a     o<     o<    <i_^>    C     ^^ 


t^  ^-£-*     /"    c^r  ---"^      ) 

^      "          X 

20.  KEY. 

1.  Sleep,  save,  sale,  slap,  slain,  cakes,  rakes,  raps,  keys. 

2.  Hams,  seems,  adz,  rats,  cheese,  jams,  tease,  pets, 
lanes,  rains. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  9 

3.  Haze,  raise,  maze,  zeal,  zephyr,  gaze,  phase,  chaise, 
phrase,  zebra,  zenith. 

4.  Same,  gale,   hail,   rap,   snake,  erase,   snap,   saber, 
schemes. 

5.  Sear,  task,  span,  pans,  cakes. 

21.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Maps,  snaps,  snakes,  save,  seize,  span,  rap,  say,  fasten. 
Bates,  seems,  seal,  bakes,  slain,  bales,  rails. 

Mask,  tasks,  leans,  bask,  pass,  mass,  slacks,  sneak,  slash, 
sheep. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  the  short  sound  of.  E  represented  ? 
How  is  SH  represented? 
In   Avhat   direction   is   it   made? 
In  what  direction  is  CH  made? 
Which  is  the  longer? 
How  is  S  distinguished  from  TH  ? 

What  is  the  form  called  which  is  made  with  a  right  curve? 
What  is  the  form  called  which  is  made  with  a  left  curve? 
How  is  Z  generally  represented? 
How  may  Z  be  distinguished  from  S  ? 
When  is  it  desirable  to  make  this  distinction? 
When  S  is  the  only  consonant  in  a  word,  which  form  is 
used  ? 

When  S  is  joined  to  curves  which  form  is  used? 
Which  form  is  used  when  joined  to  straight  characters? 


LESSON    III. 


22.  I  I  St  St 

C  o  1  <- 

The  diphthong  I  is  represented  by  a  large  circle  which 
is  slightly  indented  so  as  to  distinguish  it  from  A.  This 
indentation  should  be  Yery  slight,  and  in  many  cases  it 
may  be  omitted  altogether,  as  there  is  very  little  danger 
of  its  conflicting  with  A. 

my  rye  night  pie  higher 


23.  The  short  sound  of  I,  as  in  mill,  is  represented  by  a 
email  circle.  A  dot  may  be  placed  under  it  to  distinguish 
it  from  E. 

tin      chin        pin        fin  hill        nip 

S~  J~  cX  J-  ^  _ 

( 


St. 


24.     S  is  traced  with  a  backward  slant  to  add  T  or  D. 
St,  like  S,  may  be  traced  with  either  a  right  or  left  curve. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  11 

Like  the   S,  the  one  traced   to  the  right  is  called  the 
".standard,"  and  the  one  traced  to  the  left,  the  "reverse." 


25.  BEADING  EXERCISE. 


^ '/  <+  + 

<_^>     <« x     t^    <Q        &     ,P      «^-—       ~^ 

T*-  "^r  .  . .    .  '  -^~r  J^ 


26.  KEY. 

1 .     Rhyme,  rim,  shine,  shin,  dime,  dim,  file,  fill,  my. 
•J.     Bite,  bit,  pine,  pin,  ripe,  rip,  lime,  limb,  height,  hit, 

3.  Sell,  steel,  pass,  past,  base,  baste,  seam,  steam,  sick, 
stick. 

4.  Mine,  knife,  chimney,  chimes,  hymns,  staff,  same, 
sane,  stain. 

.").     Mi>?.  mist,  sign.  sin.  sieve,  vim.  fins,  limbs. 


12  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

HOUT  KEY. 


<r  •-* 


28.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Tests,  stitch,  vast,  face,  least,  stab,  stake,  stack,  stick, 
stems,  signs,  stiff,  sip,  hash,  rasp,  lean,  pest,  paste,  seems. 


QUESTIONS. 

How  is  the  diphthong  I  represented? 

How  do  you  represent  the  short  sound  of  I  ? 

What  is  the  difference  between  S  and  St  ? 

How  do  you  determine  which  form  to  use?  \  \ 

In  what  direction  is  St  traced?  ^ 


LESSON    IV. 


29.      0  0  0  Str  Str 


In  shorthand,  0  is  represented  by  a  character  which 
resembles  the  lower  half  of  a  longhand  0.  It  is  called 
the  0-hook. 

The  long  sound  of  0  may  be  indicated  by  placing  a  dash 
under  it,  and  the  short  sound  by  placing  a  breve.  A  dot 
placed  under  the  0-hook  represents  the  broad  sound  of  A. 


doe 


30.  RULE  I.  When  the  0-hook  precedes  N,  M,  R  or  L, 
the  hook  should  be  written  on  the  upper  side  without  an 
angle.  (See  line  1  below.) 

RULE  II.  When  the  0-hook  is  preceded  by  a  downward 
stroke  it  is  written  in  its  natural  form,  (See  line  2 
below. ) 

RULE  III.  When  S  precedes  0,  the  standard  S  should 
be  used. 

RULE  IV.  When  St  precedes  0,  the  reverse  St  should 
be  used. 


31. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 
READING  EXERCISE. 


/  S  /  / 


s 


r 


rr  T 

32.  KEY. 

1.  Own,  oar,  hall,  maul,  moan,  tone,  coal,  roll. 

2.  Ball,  foam,  pone,  bone,  pour,  shore,  oat,  bow,  dot, 
sole. 

3.  Sore,  foe,  knoll,  mote,  mode,  soap,  lot,  roast,  lost. 

4.  Stone,  coast,  modest,  molest,  pole,  Paul,  rope,  robe. 

5.  Hot,  hobby,  nobby,  top,  rob. 

Str. 

33.  Either  form  of  St  may  be  lengthened  to  add  R. 

READING  EXERCISE. 


*  &      & 

-  >  ^     x  V_ 


.  —  *- 

*> 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  15 

34.  KEY. 

1.  Pose,  post,  poster,  rows,  roast,  roaster,  mass,  mnst, 
master,  fist. 

2.  Seam,  steam,  stream,  steep,  strip,  stripe,  feast,  fes- 
ter, fast,  faster,  mist. 

3.  Stitch,    stretch,    boast,    boaster,   castor,    Eochester, 
bows,  toes,  toast,  toaster. 

35.  READING  EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 

/  > 

^  * 


/ 

^S    ' — ^\   ^ 

J  •  X 


\n      (&, 


36.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

i 

Steer,  stitch,  lobster,  loan,  steep,  stab,  cast,  invest,  in- 
vestor, infest,  fester,  Sole,  roll,  mob,  braced,  list,  lister, 
strike,  stroll,  core,  knoll,  stick,  roast,  jest,  rest,  nest,  test, 
sinister,  modes,  toll. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  0  represented  in  shorthand? 
What  is  this  character  called? 
How  are  the  long  and  short  sounds  of  0  marked? 
What  sound  is  represented  by  placing  a  dot  under  the 
O-hook  ? 


1G  MOSHER  SHOKTHAXD. 

On  what  characters  is  the  0-hook  placed  on  the  upper  side 
without  an  angle? 

How  is  the  0-hook  written  when  preceded  bv  a  downward 
stroke  ? 

What  form  of  S  should  be  used  when  it  precedes  the 
0-hook? 

When  St  precedes  the  0-hook,  whaf  form  should  be  used  ? 

How  may  R  be  added  to  St  ? 


LESSON    V. 


37. 


00         00 


The  00  vowel  is  represented  by  the  upper  half  of  the 
longhand  0.  It  is  called  the  U-hook. 

A  dash  may  be  placed  under  the  U-hook  to  represent  the 
long  sound  of  00,  a  breve  to  represent  the  short  sound 
of  00,  and  a  dot  to  represent  the  short  sound  of  U. 

?  as  in  cool. 
^  us  in  look. 
•^  as  in  luck. 

38.  RULE  I.  When  the  U-hook  follows  N  or  N,  it 
should  be  written  on  the  under  side  without  an  angle.  (See 
line  1  below.) 


39. 


READING  EXERCISE. 


18  MOSHER  SHORTHAXD. 

tL  j          *Ls* 


.-7  . — _  , — „  c — . —  ^ _^  /    ^  J  \L-  /^  * 

/  y  ~/     ,  . £ --^      k< — v-^. — .     -*^  l-> , 

{  Y  ->  ^  ^/ 


40.  KEY. 

1.  Noon,  nook,  none,  muff,  nut,  mood,  mud,  moon. 

2.  Duck,  tuck,  tool,  tomb,  doom,  dumb,  ton,  tub. 

3.  Luck,  shuck,   pucker,  push,  bush,  puff,  buff,  pun, 
bun,  loom,  dub. 

4.  Eush,  cup,  cub,  pole,  pool,  pull,  fun,  cook,  hoot, 
buck. 

5.  Pup,  bug,  shun,  tough,  shut,  rut,  root,  rude,  stoop, 
stool,  shoe. 

G.     Snub,  shoes,  rum,  coon,  huts,  cookie,  dummy. 

THE  T-HOOK  AND  D-HOOK. 

41.  A  short  final  hook  attached  to  the  upper  side  of 
X,  M,  R,  L,  T,  D,  TH,  the  under  side  of  K  and  G,  and 
the  left  side  of  SH,  CH,  J,  F,  V,  and  standard  S,  St  and 
Str.,  may  be  used  to  represent  T  or  I). 

The  hook  may  be  made  short  to  represent  T  and  Ions: 
to  represent  D,  although  in  practical  work  it  is  seldom 
necessary  to  make  this  distinction,  as  no  confusion  will 
arise  should  they  be  made  the  same  length. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  19 

Kt    Md    Tt    Td  THt  Ed    Ld  SHt  CHd  Jt    St  Stt 

_^    =,    ^>    ^     ^    ~^> ?>  J   J    J    j     ,-* 

Cold         left         bold         beard     laughed     mold 


42.  The  T-hook  may  also  be  used  when  there  is  a  circle 
vowel  occurring  between  the  hook   and  the  character  to 
which  it  is  attached.     If  the  vowel  is  one  which  is  repre- 
sented by  a  large  circle,  the  hook  should  be  made  large.     If 
it  is  one  represented  by  a  small  circle,  the  hook  should  be 
made  small. 

43.  When  T  or  D  is  represented  by  a  hook  and  the 
preceding  vowel  is  omitted,  the  diacritical  marl's  may  be 
placed  under  the  hook  to  indicate  whether  the  omitted 
vowel  is  long,  short,  or  medium. 

44.  D  may  be  indicated  after  P  or  B  by  a  large  hook, 
rate      read    goat    get    made    neat    date    debt    bad    pad 


45.  E.ULE  I.  T  cannot  be  indicated  after  P  or  B  by 
the  T-hook.  The  stroke  T  must  be  written. 

EULE  II.  }]  "hen  T  or  D  is  preceded  bij  a  hook-vowel,  the 
T  or  D  stroke  should  be  used. 


coat      wrote 


road      code      cut      shut 


20  ^IOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


46.  When  the  diphthong  I  precedes  a  T-hook  or  D- 
liook,  the  hook  should  terminate  with  a  short  backward 
strok-?. 


47.  READING    EXERCISE. 


^  s- 


1.-   Cold,  bold,  mold,  reeled,  relet,  sealed,  peered. 
'^.     Pelt,  abashed,  lashed,  smashed,  dashed,  cashed,  rate, 
late,  read,  seed. 

3.  Shade,  sheet,   shed,   shied,   feed,   fade,   vied,   meet. 
made,  met,  mad,  rat,  read. 

4.  Set.  seat,  sat.  neat.  net.  note,  raid,  laid,  lead,  bed, 
bad.  bait.  pate,  rates,  mates. 

5.  Ride,  side,  lied,  fight,  bite,  kite,  dates,  seats,  i-heets, 
rolled,  sold,  cheat. 

0.     Alert,  abide,  relied,  rise,  rides,  lights. 


\ 

MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  21 

QUESTIONS. 

How  may  U  and  OO  be  represented? 

What  is  this  hook  called? 

What  diacritical  mark  is  used  to  indicate  long  00  ? 

What  mark  to  indicate  the  short  sound  of  00  ? 

What  mark  to  indicate  the  short  sound  of  U  ? 

How  is  the  U-hook  written  when  it  follows  N  or  M? 

How  may  T  or  1)  be  represented? 

How  may  the  hooks  be  written  when  it  is  desirable  to 
distinguish  between  T  and  D  ? 

What  is  said  about  T  or  D  when  it  follows  a  hook  vowel? 

Can  the  hook  be  used  when  it  immediately  follows  the 
diphthong  I  ? 

How  should  the  hook  be  written  when  it  follows  the  diph- 
thong- I  ? 


LESSON    VI. 


49.  In  shorthand,  words  which  occur  frequently  are 
abbreviated.     These  abbreviations    are   called   word-signs. 
Word-signs,  thoroughly  memorized,  are  great  time  savers 
in  rapid  writing,  and  are  also  an  aid  in  reading. 

Study  the  word-signs  carefully,  then  write  them  from 
the  key  and  compare  with  the  engraving. 

50.  WORD-SIGNS. 


51.  KEY. 

1.  In,  not,  more  am,  are  our,  will  well  load,  put  up, 
but  be,  have,  the,  their. 

2.  Can,  go  good,  I  why,  he,  large,  came,  make,  before, 
where,  while,  of. 

3.  All.  you,  your,  at  it,  a  an  and. 

PHRASING. 

52.  Tn  order  to  acquire  high  speed,  it  is  frequently  nec- 
essary to  write  two  or  more  words  without  raising  the  pen. 
This  is  called  phrasing.  When  phnslng  is  done  judiciously, 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  23 

it  greatly  assists  in  the  acquirement  of  speed.  It  is  not  ad- 
visable, however,  for  the  beginner  to  try  to  build  phrases. 
It  will  be  better  for  him  to  confine  his  phrase  writing  to 
such  exercises  as  are  given  in  the  text-book,  and  to  use 
them  whenever  they  may  occur  in  dictation.  By  the  time 
these  are  thoroughly  mastered,  he  will  be  better  prepared 
to  construct  phrases  for  himself. 

53.  EXEECISE  WITH  KEY. 


54.  KEY. 

1.  In  our,  for  the,  of  the,  are  you,  he  will,  he  will  not, 
he  will  not  be,  I  will. 

2.  I  will  not,  I  will  not  be,  are  you,  are  you  not,  are 
you  not  the,  you  can. 

3.  You  cannot,  you  cannot  be. 

55.  BEADING  EXERCISE. 

V  <"~     N  \  ~~ 


24  MOSIIEU  SHORTHAND. 


56.  KEY. 

Can  you  make  a  good  oar?  He  will  be  here  before 
you  go.  Jane  will  bake  the  cake.  The  main  pier  will  be 
very  large.  Will  you  go  for  the  hay  while  I  go  for  the  coal  ? 
Will  you  go  home  before  I  leave  ?  The  bale  of  hay  will  be 
for  you.  I  bought  a  load  of  coal.  He  will  eat  the  hot 
meat. 

57.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

The  lady  will  need  the  key  in  an  hour.  I  would 
not  eat  the  thick  cream, but  I  would  pm  it  in  the  large  bowl. 
He  may  row  the  boat  for  an  hour,  but  cannot  go  a  mile. 
The  rye  may  be  ripe,  but  I  will  not  Tray  it.  You  cannot 
go  home  before  night.  He  will  write  you -before  you  buy 
the  ream  of  paper.  The  lady  will  not  make  a  bow  for  you, 
but  will  bake  you  a  cake.  Will  you  pay  for  a  load  of  coal 
or  a  bale  of  hay  ?  May  will  buy  a  coat  for  Joe. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  are  words  written  which  occur  frequently  ? 

What  are  these  abbreviations  called  ? 

What  is  phrase  writing? 

Does  phrasing  tend  to  increase  speed? 

Does  it  injure  the   legibility? 

Should  beginners  endeavor  to  construct  original  phrases? 

NOTE. — A  period  is  made  with  a  backward  stroke.  The  interro- 
gation point  the  same,  only  longer. 


LESSON    VII. 


58.  01        EW          OW 

cJ>  <r  <T' 

In  shorthand,  the  diphthong  01  is  formed  by  the  join- 
ing of  the  two  vowels  0  and  E.  (See  line  1.) 

The  diphthong  EW  is  formed  by  the  joining  of  the  two 
vowels  E  and  00.  (See  line  2.) 

The  diphthong  OW  is  formed  by  the  joining  of  the  two 
vowels  A  and  00  (II).  (See  line  3.) 

59.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


60.  KEY. 

1.  Oil,  toil,  toy,  joy,  hoy,  boil,  Roy,  royal,  noise. 

2.  Few,  feud,  view,  viewed,  Jew,  fuel,  cue,  cute,  re- 
fuse, hue,  now. 

3.  Now,  mow,  mouth,  gout,  fowl,  owl,  doubt,  row. 


61. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


BLENDED  CONSONANTS. 


Tn        Dn        Tm        Dm     Nt    Nd     Mt    Md 


In  the  syllables  ten,  den,  tern,  and  dem,  the  vowel  may 
usually  be  omitted  and  the  characters  T  and  M,  D  and  M, 
written  without  an  angle,  except  in  monosyllables.  (Lines 
1  and  2.) 

N  and  T,  N  and  D,  M  and  T,  M  and  D,  may  bo  treated 
in  the  same  manner.  (Line  3.) 

(This  principle  is  used  only  in  a  limited  number  of 
words.  Another  principle  relating  to  the  same  class  of 
words  will  be  introduced  in  a  following  lesson.) 

The  angle  may  also  be  omitted  between  T  and  F,  D  and 
F,  T  and  V,  D  and  V.  (Line  4.) 

At  the  beginning  of  words,  the  angle  between  J  and  Xt 
is  omitted.  "(Line  5.) 

'     62.          READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


SHORTHAND.  27 

63.  KEY. 

1.  Mitten,  bitten,   Satan,   tendency,  written,   attempt, 
sin  itten. 

2.  Redeem,  Lawton,  canteen,  routine,  Botany,  deny,  de- 
molish. 

3.  Ventilate,   medicine,   into,   tenor,    timid,   epidemic, 
atom. 

4.  Defy,  plaintiff,  devout,  defect,  adjective,  define,  di- 
vest, native. 

5.  Genteel,  gentle,  gentile,  gently,  gentleman. 


64.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Soil,  soiled,  coiled,  voyage,  decoy,  enjoy,  annoy,  toiled^ 
voucher,  powder,  couch,  fume,  f  u^t)  excuse,  lieu,  pew,  chew, 
mew,  freedom,  victim,  attendance,  cotton,  batten,  tinsel, 
chieftain,  mutton,  dinner,  festive,  motive,  devise,  Davis. 


LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE. 

65.  The  syllables,  Ter,  Der  and  Ther,  may  be  added 
to  any  of  the  characters  (excepting  N,  R,  K,  and  TH)  by 
making  them  twice  their  length. 

In  a  limited  number  of  words  however,  the  lengthen- 
ing principle  may  be  applied  to  N,  R,  and  K,  but  in 
such  instances  these  characters  should  be  made  at  least 
triple  length. 


28  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

66.       READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


67.  KEY. 

1.  Was,  was  there.,  if,  if  there,  ever,  ever  there,  for,  for 
there,  have,  have  thoir,  up,  up  there,  be,  be  there,  by,  by 
there. 

•2.     Murder,  go  there,  give  their,  let  their,  gather. 

3.     Better,  letter,  later,  make  there,  smother. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  the  diphthong  01  formed? 

How  are  tha  diphthongs  EW  and  OW  formed? 

Name  the  four  short  blended  characters. 

Between  what   characters  are  the  angles  omitted? 

What  syllables  are  added  by  lengthening  characters? 

Are  N,  R,  and  K  ever  lengthened? 

How  long  should  they  be  made,  and  why? 


NOTE. — All  lengthened  characters  which  are  made  with  down- 
ward strokes  extend  through  the  line  of  writing.  This  mnki  s  ;i 
distinction  between  such  words  as  have  and  for  their,  and  ever  and 
if  their. 


LESSON    VIII. 


69.  KEY. 

1.  State,   first.,   ask,  business,  Dear   Sir  desire,  cause 
heaiuse,  caused,  was,  receive,  receipt,  must,  most,  conversa- 
tion. 

2.  Force,  is  his,  it  at,  would,  strong,  strength,  street, 
straight,  start,  from  form,  upon,  believe. 

3.  Pretty,  never,  influence,  look,  tell,  freight,  car,  what, 
bread,  break,^ broken,  store. 

TICK   FOR   A,   AN  OR  AND. 

70.  A,  an,  or  and.  may  be  joined  to  other  words  with 
a  horizontal  or  slanting  tick.     T-his  tick  should  be  made 
very  short  and  is  usually  written  on  the  slant  of  CH,  but 
when  more  convenient  it  may  he  written  in  a  horizontal 
direction.     The  tick  is  generally  attached  to  the  beginning 
of  words,  but  may  be  attached  to  the  end  when  it  is  more 
convenient. 


30  -  M«»III-:K  SHORTHAND. 

71.  EXERCISE. 


72.  KEY. 

1.  And  state,  and  first,  and  ask,  and  because,  and  was, 
and  receive,  and  for  a,  and  a,  and  it,  and  would,  and  judge, 
•f\  strong,  a  street. 

2.  And  from,  and  upon  a,  and  pretty,  and  never,  and 
influence,  and  look,  a  car,  and  you,  and  I,  and  he,  and 
what  a,  of  a. 

3.  And  if.  and  he  cannot,  and  if  you,  and  if  you  will, 
and  on  the,  and  all  will  be,  and  1  will,  and  he  will,  and  do. 

4.  And  did,  and  you  can  not,  and  he  can,  and  all  day, 
and  can  you  tell  a,  and  what  you. 

OF  AND  OF  THE. 

73.  Of  and  of  the  are  seldom  written.     They  are  gen- 

erally indicated  by  writing  the  words,  between  which  they 
occur,  close  together. 


74.     When  the  sound  of  x  begins  a  word,  it  is  repre- 
M  'ii  ted  bv  ex. 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  31 


When  it  occurs  at  the  end  or  ni  the  middle  of  a  word, 
it  is  indicated  by  placing  a  dot  to  the  right  and  near  the  top 
of  either  form  of  S. 

es    es    express  expose  expense  examine  tax    lax    ax 

<•  ?    &  £     **—    ^'   -—^    9* 

When  the  sound  of  x  follows  an  0-hook  vowel,  the  x  may 
be  indicated  by  using  the  Standard  S. 

75.      READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


KEY. 


Mr.  Knox  said  the  fox  was  in  the  box,  and  he  knows. 
Uo  crtn  go  on  the  shore  if  the  boat  is  not  there.  I  know 
he  can  make  a  good  gate  in  a  day.  Will  you  go  to  the  store 
ami  buy  a  bar  of  soap?  He  will  be  here  all  day,  and  you 
ran  leave  before  night.  A  man  will  be  at  the  depot  and 
will  moot  him.  Will  you  get  a  load  of  coal  for  me?  Can 
you  tell  me  if  a  test  was  made? 

>  *$ 


32  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

77.       READING  EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 


78. 


WRITING  EXERCISE. 


John  Max  had  to  pay  a  tax  on  his  ax.  The  sexton 
was  a  very  lax  man,  and  they  let  him  go.  If  you  will  be 
here  all  day,  Tom  or  the  minister  will  meet  you  at  the  store. 
A  span  of  horses  of  good  luster  will  sell  on  the  street  am 
day.  Can  you  judge  a  man  by  his  looks?  Will  you  help 
paper  the  room? 

QUESTIONS. 

How  may  a,  an,  and  and  be  joined  to  other  word^  .' 
In   which   direction  is  this  tick  written  1 
Is  the  tick  ever  used  at   the  end   of  a  word  I 
AVliat  is  indicated  by  writing  the  following  word  clo.^-  to 
the  preceding? 

How  is  the  sound  of  X  indicated  .' 

What  form  is  used  after  an  0-hook  vowel .' 


LESSON    IX. 


W  AND  Y. 

79.  W  is  represented  by  a  small  semi-circle  which 
opens  to  the  left.  This  is  called  the  W-hook. 

When  the  W-hook  is  followed  by  a  circle  vowel,  the  vowel 
is  placed  within  and  under  the  hook.  (See  wail,  line  1.) 

When  W  occurs  in  the  center  of  a  word,  it  is  represented 
by  a  horizontal  tick  placed  under  or  over  the  following 
vowel  (See  queer,  line  2.) 


80.          READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


81. 


KEY. 


1.     Waste,  wail,  wall,  watch,  wash,  wasp,  win,  wine, 
weak,  weed,  wait. 

Wide,  widow,  weave,  wave,  woe,  wheat,  wet,  wart, 
queer,  queen,  sweep,  swift. 

Swivel,  switch,  Quincy,  quail,  squad. 


34  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

82.  READING  EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 

cy>         y>     ^      ,=2 «2_jj          «?-         J-— ^ 

**-+ 

«?"       <& 

/ 

YA  and  YE. 

83.  At  the  beginning  of  a  word,  when  Y  precedes  an  A 
vowel,  the  YA  is  represented  by  a  large  loop. 

When  Y  precedes  an  E  vowel,  the  YE  is  represented  by  a 
small  loop. 

When  Y  precedes  an  0-hook  or  U-hook,  the  Y  is  repre- 
sented by  writing  a  small  circle  within  the  hook. 

When  Y  occurs  in  the  middle  of  words,  it  is  represented 
by  placing  the  disjoined  loop  over  the  character  which  it 
precedes,  or  under  the  character  which  it  follows. 

84.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


MOSHKR  SHORTHAND.  35 

85.  KEY. 

1.  Yellow,    Yates,   yet,    yell,    yeast,    yellowish,    yams, 
Yankee,  yawn. 

2.  Yacht,  yole,  yoke,  yore,  yote,  yuck,  figure,  pinion. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  W  represented  ? 

When  a  circle  vowel  follows  W,  how  should  it  be  written  f 

How  is  W  represented  when  it  occurs  in  the  center  of  a 
word  1 

When  Y  precedes  a  circle  vowel  at  the  beginning  of  a  word, 
how  is  it  represented? 

How  is  Y  represented  when  it  precedes  a  hook- vowel? 

How  is  Y  represented  when  it  occurs  in  the  center  of  a 
word  ? 


LESSON    X. 


NG.  NGK. 

86.  The  sound  of  NG,  as  in  ring,  is  indicated  by  writ- 
ing N  with  a  downward  slant. 

The  sound  of  NGK,  as  in  rink,  is  indicated  by  length- 
ening NG. 

When  a  word  terminates  with  ing  or  thing,  the  termina- 
tion is  generally  indicated  by  a  dot  underneath  and  a  little 
to  the  right  of  the  preceding  portion  of  the  word. 

87.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


88.  KEY. 

1.  Ring,  sing,  wing,  tongues,  song,  ting,  tong,  rink, 
links,  winks,  sink,  bank. 

2.  Seeking,   reading,    everything,    roaring,    anything, 
talking,  doing,  mocking,  wrecking. 

3.  Winning,  baling,  seeing,  hearing,  knowing,  joking, 
rolling. 


i    ^.  COSHER    SlK^TIIAND.  37 

Tr.        Dr. 

89.     Tr  is  represented  by  a  short  vertical  stroke,  and 
Dr  by  a  long  vertical  stroke. 

T  and  D  may  be  added  to  these  strokes  by  a  final  hook 
attached  to  the  left  side. 


90.      READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

,J  j  fr  L  !—  s  d  .1  -f  ~i  (  .\  •  -r)  • 


K  J  J  J 

I  /     J  _  _ 

' 


—\-  A      L-  — 

91.  KEY. 

1.  Tree,  tray,  train,  true,  trim,  trip,  try,  utter,  wetter, 
setter,  butter,  shutter,  cutter,  mutter,  voter. 

2.  Fodder,  drop,  drab,  dream,  dry,  drive,  drip,  drove, 
drink,  drake,  drone,  trader,  cedar. 

3.  Trotter,  traitor,  motor,  loader,  totter,  drawn,  dread, 
dress,  drift,  drench,  dram,  drape. 

4.  Drama,  drain,  draymen,  dragon,  druggist,  trig,  trim- 
ming, trip,  singing. 

5.  Ringing,  fodder,  drug,  shaking,  shouting,  fighting, 

448300 


38  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  the  sound  of  ng  represented? 
How  is  the  sound  of  ngk  represented  ? 
How  are  ing  and  thing  represented? 
What  does  a  short  vertical  stroke  represent? 
A  long  vertical  stroke? 

On  which  side  of  the  vertical  strokes  are  the  hooks  repre- 
senting  T   and   D   attached  ? 


LESSON    XI. 


SUGGESTIONS. 

92.  Special  care  should  be  exercised  to  make  the  char- 
acters in  their  proper  direction.  Beginners  are  sometimes 
inclined  to  give  too  little  attention  to  this,  and  frequently 
make  T  and  D  with  downward  strokes,  and  SH  and  J 
with  upward  strokes.  Avoid  this. 

Placing  the  circle  vowel  on  the  wrong  side  of  straight 
characters  is  also  an  error  which  must  be  avoided.  Be- 
member  that  circle  vowels  incorrectly  written  are  often  an 
infringement  upon  other  principles.  In  keeping  the  vowels 
on  the  upper  side  of  straight  characters,  it  may  be  an  aid  to 
the  beginner  to  note  that  they  are  jaade  in  accordance  with 
the  movement  of  the  hands  of  a  clock. 

Make  the  hooks  small  and  round.  Make  the  small 
circles  very  small  and  the  large  circles  large.  Straight 
characters  should  be  made  absolutely  straight,  while  curved 
characters  should  be  sufficiently  curved  to  distinguish  them 
from  straight  characters.  These  suggestions  are  of  the 
utmost  importance,  and  should  be  followed  minutely. 
Writers  who  are  careless  in  regard  to  these  points  are  sel- 
dom able  to  read  their  notes  fluently. 

At  this  degree  of  advancement  no  attempt  should  be 
made  to  write  rapidly.  All  energy  should  be  devoted  to 
studying  the  form  of  the  characters,  the  method  of  holding 
the  pen,  and  the  movement  to  be  used.  At  least  a  half 


40  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

hour  each  day  should  be  devoted  to  practicing  the  move- 
ment exercises  given  in  the  front  part  of  the  book. 


93.  WORD-SIGNS. 

<y      <~—     ^     C,      ^^    7    S*T_^      ^> 


T3 


94.  KEY. 


— 


1.  Sure,  ship  s/iaZ/,  short,  which,  look,  knew,  movement, 
enclose,  please. 

2.  Particular,  principal,  word,  poor,  dollar,  wish  w.suaZ, 
wonder,  world,  any,  above,  book,  that. 

3.  Firm,  keep,  represent,  would,  catalogue,  mail,  note. 

SUGGESTIONS  ON  PHRASING. 

95.     In  phrase  writing,  the  following  suggestions  should 
be  noted  : 

1.  Small  words  such  as  to,  of,  etc.,  may  often  be  omitted 
without  detracting  from  the  legibility. 

In  transcribing,  however,  such  words  must  be  restored 
in  order  to  express  complete  thought. 

2.  In  order  to  make  better  joinings,  the  word-sign  for 
ma    be  inverted. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  41 

3.  When  we  is  phrased  with  an  upward  stroke,  the  E 
vowel  should  be  inserted  to  avoid  any  danger  of  a  conflict 
between  the  words  we  and  you. 

4.  The  forms  of  some  words  are  changed  in  order  to 
make  better  joinings.     Tims,  in  phrasing,  7  is  frequently 
dropped  from  by,  ew  from  few,  and  able  represented  by  a, 
etc. 

96.  PHRASES. 


97.  KEY. 

1.  In  reply,  we  can,  we  would,  we  will,  we  do,  we  know, 
we  think,  will  you. 

2.  Will  you  have,  will  you  have  the,  few  days,  in  a  few 
days,  we  thought,  if  you  are,  you  will  have. 

3.  You  will  have  it,  you  could,  you  could  get,  you  could 
get.  it.  which  will  be.  as  soon  as. 


42  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

4.  And  as  soon  as,  I  hope  you  will,  I  hope  this  will, 
I  hope  this  will  be,  I  remain,  I  remain  yours  truly. 

5.  I  am  very  truly  yours,  in  your,  on  your,  put  your, 
for  your,  send  your,  ship  your,  your  money,  your  name, 
your  price. 

6.  Your  work,  your  place,  your  stato,  your  note,  your 
notes,  your  reply,  your  statement,  your  business,  at  that 
time,  at  the  time. 

98.  LETTERS. 


99.  KEY. 

Dear  Sir: — In  reply  to  your  letter,  will  say  we  can  let 
you  have  the  money  in  a  few  days.  The  goods  are  not  just 
what  we  thought  we  would  receive  from  you.  We  are 
going  to  keep  the  goods,  but  we  are  not  satisfied  with  them. 
If  you  are  going  to  do  business  with  us  you  will  have  to 
be  more  careful  to  send  us  good  stock.  We  remain, 

Yours  truly, 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


43 


100. 


fc^\/7 


>-*N 


101. 


KEY. 


Dear  /Sto'r: — In  reply  io  your  letter  which  is  just  received, 
will  say  we  will  let  you  have  the  machine  which  you  looked 
at  when  you  were  here  for  $44-00.  This  is  $7.00  less  than 
you  can  get  it  for  in  your  city.  We  will  let  you  have  it 
for  $44-00  and  pay  the  freight. 

Very  truly  yours, 


102. 


44  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

103.  KEY. 

Dear  Sir: — In  reply  to  yours  of  the  12th,  will  say  I  run 
pleased  with  the  work  which  you  did  for  me.  I  may  lutrr 
more  work  in  your  line  in  a  few  days  and  if  I  do  I  will  call 
on  you.  I  will  send  you  some  money  next  week.  I  have  a 
note  which  will  be  due  at  that  time,  and  as  soon  as  I  receive 
payment  on  it,  I  will  remit  to  you.  I  hope  this  will  be 
satisfactory. 

Yours  very  truly, 


-/7«r  —  /off 

/  <f  *i     —    / 

0    0 

.        ^     - 

95' 

7  ' 

*-!)-' 

i 

0   0 
er^y 

.,       i 

c^) 

.- 

*-<>- 

/    tf  0\ 

0*     ^      { 

o  0' 

1 

Y 


-       I 

I         • 1> 

<       .  i 


LESSON    XII. 


REVERSING  THE  CIRCLE  VOWEL  TO  ADD  R  AND  L. 

104.  At  the  beginning  of  straight  characters,  when  R 
or  L  immediately  follows  a  circle  vowel,  the  R  or  L  is  indi- 
cated by  writing  the  vowel  on  the  opposite  side  from  which 
it  is  ordinarily  attached  ;  or,  with  a  motion  of  the  hand 
contrary  to  the  movement  of  the  hands  of  a  clock. 


arm         art           arch  elm 

f 


At  the  end  of  straight  characters,  or  between  two 
straight  characters  extending  in  the  same  direction,  the  R 
or  L  is  indicated  by  writing  the  vowel  on  the  opposite  side 
from  which  it  is  ordinarily  attached. 

mail  dare  dale  harder  tardy  delta 


Between  two  straight  characters,  or  between  a  straight 
and  a  curved  character,  the  R  or  L  is  indicated  by  writing 
the  vowel  on  the  opposite  side  from  which  it  is  ordinarily 
written.  l 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 
march  germ  farm  barn  carve 


105.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


CT~?        <7     CT~^-      fc        N 


106. 


KEY. 


1.     May,   mar,   me,   mere,   tea,   tear,   day,   dare,   knee, 
near. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  47 

2.  Ate,  art,  hate,  heart,  shay,  share,  ash,  arch,  tidy, 
tardy,  manna,  miner. 

3.  She,  sheer,  heat,  hurt,  had,  hard,  bane,  barn,  pan, 
pern,  pad,  pard. 

4.  Bet,  Bert,  mash,*marsh,  midge,-  merge,  knave,  nerve, 
cave,  carve. 

5.  Gem,  germ,  Jennie,  journey,  fame,  farm,  family, 
farmer. 

6.  Vanish,  varnish,  bacon,  bargain,  seaman,  surname, 
seamen,  sermon. 

7.  Sash,  search,  sage,  serge,  myth,  mirth,  death,  dearth, 
shape,  sharp,  chief,  sheriff. 

8.  Card,  garden,  backyard,  vineyard,  billiard,  Martin. 

9.  Tell,  smell,  mail,  "drill,  trial,  snail,  smile,  battle, 
title,  teal. 

10.  Cattle,  riddle,  victuals,  middle,  trail,  snails,  jail, 
stale,  mile. 

11.  Miles,  mails,  nail,  nails. 

ADDITION  OF  S  TO  A  REVERSE  CIRCLE. 

107.     S  is  indicated  after  a  reverse  circle  by  flattening 
the  circle  into  a  loop. 


— D 

^         J          l>         /  /      / 

1.  Make,  mar,  mars,  makes,  day,  dare,  dares,  days. 

2.  Tea,  tear,  tears,  tease,  jay,  share,  shares,  jeer,  jeers. 


48  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

ADDITION  OF  LY. 

108.  LY  is  indicated  after  a  reverse  circle  by  writing 
a  small  circle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  character  to  which 
the  vowel  is  attached. 

Me     mere     merely     knee     near     nearly     dear     dearly 


THE  0-HOOK  REPEATED. 
109.     The  0-hook  may  be  repeated  to  add  R. 
Chord   gourd   ford   poured    port   corn   fort  sword    porch 

QUESTIONS. 

At  the  beginning  of  words,  how  is  R  or  L  added  to 
straight  characters  f 

How  does  the  hand  move  in  making  these  reverse  vowels? 

How  is  R  or  L  indicated  at  the  end  of  straight  characters  ? 

How  is  R  or  L  indicated  when  they  occur  between  two 
straight  characters  which  extend  in  the  same  direction? 

How  is  R  or  L  indicated  between  a  straight  and  a  curved 
character  ? 

How  is  S  indicated  after  a  reverse  circle? 

How  is  ly  indicated  after  a  reverse  circle? 

How  is  R  added  to  the  0-hook? 


LESSON    XIII. 


REVERSING  PRINCIPLE- (Continued). 


110. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


111. 


KEY. 


1.  How,  use,  long,  time,  between,    want  wont,  work, 
could,  part,  sure,  then,  that. 

2.  Were,  decide,  desire,  those,  fail,  society,  names,  gov- 
ernment, glad. 

3.  Week,  little,  question,  purpose,  public,  arrive,  this, 
large,  largest,  last. 

4.  Into,  deliver,  sell,  until.     / 


NOTE. — In  phrase-writing,  the  L  must  not  be  omitted  from  the 
word  sell   unless   it   begins  the  phrase. 


KEY. 


1.  How  long,  we  deem  it,  I  do  not,  I  do  not  know,  I  do 
not.  see,  I  do  not  care,  they  do  not  see,  who  is,  I  have. 

2.  We  are  not,  let  me,  what  you,  when  you,  have  been, 
in  this  city,  pretty  well. 

3.  In  time,  it  will  not,  did  you,  and  if,  I  think,  more 
than,  he  lives. 

4.  Sell  it,  sell  what,  sell  their,  sell  his,  sell  more. 


114.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


51 


115. 


KEY. 


There  was  a  large  gourd  in  the  garden.  When  you  write 
the  letter  leave  a  broad  margin  and  it  will  look  better. 
The  porter  did  not  eat  the  butter.  If  I  order  from  you 
the  carload  of  corn,  will  it  be  shipped  immediately?  Did 
the  lady  give  you  her  card?  There  are  some  birds  on  the 
barn,  but  if  the  boys  do  not  see  them  they  will  receive 
no  harm.  There  was  more  mirth  than  dearth  at  the  death 
of  the  martyr.  Charles  played  billiards  and  drank  wine. 
Charter  the  ship  and  take  the  corn  which  is  in  the  barn  and 
put  it  on  board.  Bring  the  chairs  with  you  and  put  them 
on  the  back  part  of  the  porch.  Smirch  the  curtain  with 
lard  before  you  wash  it.  All  the  guards  who  came  from 
the  fort  gave  three  cheers  as  they  entered  port.  Will  you 
take  the  journey  by  water  ?  Can  you  cross  the  ford  with  a 


52  MoslIKR   SHORTHAND. 

cord  of  wood  ?  The  people  do  not  know  where  to  get  better 

butter.        Can  you   tell   them   where   they   can   get   some 
butter  ine? 


116. 


EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 


WRITING  EXERCISE. 


He  worked  all  day  trying  to  trade  the  tar  for  the  tea. 
He  had  the  nerve  to  try  to  carve  the  bear  with  a  large 
carver  while  he  was  in  the  cave.  Did  you  say  this  frame 
belonged  to  a  man  of  fame,  who  once  lived  .on  a  farm  which 
contains  a  large  marsh,  and  that  he  varnished  the  frame 
and  traded  it  for  a  barn  and  made  a  good  bargain?  Put 
the  beans  in  the  barn  and  charter  a  car  and  ship  them 
to  Charleston. 


LESSON    XIV. 


Nd  AND  Nt  INDICATED. 

118.  The  sound  of  Xd  or  Xt  is  indicated  after  a 
large  circle  vowel  by  flattening  the  vowel  into  a  large  loop. 
(See  land,  line  1.) 

The  sound  of  Xd  or  Xt  is  indicated  after  a  small  circle 
vowel  by  flattening  the  vowel  into  a  small  loop.  (See 
lend,  line  1.) 

The  sound  of  Xd  or  Xt  is  indicated  after  an  OW  diph- 
thong by  giving  the  circle  an  elliptical  form.  (See  pound, 
line  2.) 

J 

The  sound  of  Xd  or  Xt  is  indicated  after  an  01  diph- 
thong by  making  the  hook  longer  and  giving  the  circle  an 
elliptical  form.  (See  joined  line  3.) 

The  0-hook  and  U-hook  may  be  made/  longer  to  indicate 
a  following  Xd  or  Xt.  (See  bond  and  funds,  line  4.) 

The  diphthong  OW  and  a  following  Xd  or  Xt  may  also 
be  indicated  after  horizontal  strokes  by  a  loop,  and  the 
loop  diacritically  marked.  (See  count,  line  5.) 

It  is  seldom  necessary,  however,  to  use  the  diacritical 
marks  except  in  isolated  words. 


54  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

119.     BEADING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


£      fr>     6      <f    —  i?     -—^     tj2—*=>   ^-      <T 

1    v  —  ^—     <L^   "   ^^  ^ 

•* 

// 

O       ^y  g 

ft 


6-  -  r 


120.  KEY. 

1.  T^a}',  land,  lee,  lend,  me,  meant,  may. 

2.  Pow,  pound,  bough,  bound,  vow,  found,  out,  hound, 
wound,  drowned,  sound. 

3.  Joy,    joined,    boy,    point,    coy,    coined,    ointment, 
pointer,  joints. 

4.  Bow,    bond,    funds,    fuss,    London,    frontier,   hunt, 
hunter,  pond,  ponder. 

5.  Count,  account,  round,  around,  mound,  surround, 
amount. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  55 

f>.     Drained,  talent,  tent,  industry,  indolence,  sentence, 
fond,  bunt,  kind. 

7.  Lined,  obtained,  dined,  tend,  resound,  abscond,  re- 
sent, Portland. 

8.  Eendered,  mortal,  sandals,  splendor,  sprained,  den- 
tist, dense.  $-*-"'vV"' 

121.  READING  EXERCISE. 


122.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Indefective,  indicative,  indication,  indicant,  indorse,  en- 
dnranco,  painter,  preponderance,  plant,  indolence,  indulge, 
indulgent,  indicator,  indifctive,  indigency,  jostle,  kangaroo, 
indigest,  indigo,  industry,  indestructive,  dormant,  hin- 
drance, indignant. 


56  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

QUESTIONS. 

When  OW  and  Nt  or  Nd  follow  a  horizontal  consonant, 
how  may  they  be  indicated? 

How  is  the  sound  of  Nt  or  Nd  represented  when  it  follows 
a  large  circle  vowel  ? 

How  is  it  represented  when  it  follows  a  small  circle- 
vowel  ? 

How  is  it  represented  when  it  follows  OW  ? 

How  is  it  represented  after  OI  ? 

How  is  it  represented  after  an   0-hook  or  U-hook? 


LESSON    XV. 


, 

Thr. 

I          rJ     f 
\ 

123.  Thr  is  written  with  a  backward  tick.     T  or  D 
may  be  joined  to  the  tick  by  attaching  the  respective  hooks 
to  the  left  side. 

124.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


1.  Other,  through,  throw,  author,  authorize,  otherwise, 
threaten,    threatened,    weather,    thither,    throb,    throat, 
thrown,  thread. 

2.  Thralldom,  threat,  neither,  thrust,  rather. 

126.  This  principle  is  also  used  to  add  the  words, 
their,  there,  and  they  are. 

127.  PHRASES. 


58  MOSHEE  SHORTHAND. 

128.  KEY. 

1.  In  there,  not  there,  know  there,  on  there,  so  there, 
are  there,  when  there,  to  their,  do  their,  say  their,  see 
their,  sell  their. 

2.  Eight  there,  run  there,  and  there,  when  they  are, 
know  they  are,  so  there,  which  there,  shall  there,  show 
their,  ran  there. 

129.  WORD-SIGNS. 


130. 


1.  Whether,  either,  authority,  throughout,  another,  en- 
deavor, individual,  independent,  object,  subject,  manufac- 
ture. 

2.  Market,  perpendicular,  person,  popular,  reason,  op- 
portunity, I  want,  poverty,  advance. 


u 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


59 


3.  Advise;  car,  load,  car-load,  spirit,  freight,  correct, 
advantage. 

4.  Advantageous,  between,  ask,  cause  because,  caused, 
laws,  loss,  except. 

5.  Exception,  accept,  lost,  character,  recollection,  recol- 
lect, immediately,  body  bought,  sometime. 

6.  Same  time,  bushel,  pencil,  cities,  much,  familiar. 


131. 


LETTER. 


132. 


\ 


KEY. 


Dear  Sir: — Your  favor  of  Hie  12th  inst.  is  at  hand.  We 
do  not  manufacture  the  brand  of  goods  you  mention.  I 
believe  there  is  a  merchant  here  who  handles  this  line  of 
goods.  I  will  see  if  he  can  get  them  for  you.  In  regard 
to  the  corn  planter,  will  *ny  we  are  handling  the  Buckeye 


on 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


this  season.  This  planter  is  made  of  steel  throughout  and 
will  last  much  longer  Hum  any  oilier.  I  mail  you 
catalogue  today  which  ivill  give  you  full  information  re- 
garding this  new  machine. 

Yours  truly, 


133. 


LETTER. 


134. 


KEY. 


Dear  Sir: — Your  favor  of  the  17th  inst.  is  at  hand.     I 
was  in  Portland  last  week  and  saw  a  Courtland  buggy 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  61 

which  I  think  is  just  what  you  want.  It  has  leather  top 
and  leather  curtains.  The  paint  is  not  worn  to  speak  of. 
It  has  been  run  about  two  years,  but  it  is  in  fine  condition. 
I  can  get  it  for  $71.00,  and  in  my  opinion  it  is  a 
bargain.  You  know  there  are  no  better  buggies  than  the 
Courtland.  I  wish  you  would  look  at  it.  I  have  nothing 
on  hand  which  I  can  sell  at  that  price  ivhich  would  give  you 
as  good  satisfaction.^  Will  you  have  any  corn  to  sell  this 
fall?  I  want  to  buy  a  car-load  and  would  like  to  get 
you  to  ship  it  at  once.  At  what  price  can  you  furnish  it? 
Next  week  I  will  have  a  large  stock  of  goods  in  and  I  would 
like  to  have  you  come  down  and  look  at  them. 

Yours  very  truly, 

135.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

They  will  brand  the  cattle  next  week.  You  may  skate  on 
the  large  pond  west  of  the  track.  He  was  authorized  to 
render  their  account  on  the  tenth  of  each  month.  Where 
did  you  see  their  men  at  work?  Did  he  pay  for  the  land 
when  he  bought  it?  He  said  he  would  send  men  to  take 
their  places.  He  bent  the  pole,  but  could  not  break  it. 
Will  you  get  me  a  joint  of  stovepipe? 

QUESTIONS. 

Can  T  and  D  be  added  to  Thr  f 

What  words  are  represented  by  the  Thr  tick? 

On  which  side  is  the  T-hook  written? 

How  is  Thr  represented? 


LESSON    XVI. 


Mp  AND  Mb. 

136.  M  is  slightly  inclined  to  add  P  or  B.     The  hooks 
representing  T  and  D  are  attached  to  the  lower  side  of  Mp 

and  Mb,  the  hook- vowels  being  attached  to  the  upper  side. 

j 

137.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


138. 


KEY. 


1.  Dump,  limp,  primps,  mumps,  romp. 

2.  Amboy,  ambition,  impose,  jump,  bum}),  pump. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  63 

3.  Damp,     example,     employ,     employer,     employee, 
jumper, 

4.  Imposter,  thump,  embers,  limber,  lumber. 

5.  Timber,  whimper,  embargo,  emperor,  empires. 

6.  Impels,  improvise,  ambassador,  humble,  imposition, 
exemption. 


139. 


WORD-SIGNS  AND  PHRASES. 


140.     KEY  TO  WORD-SIGNS  AND  PHRASES. 


1.  Improve   may  be,  important,  may  be  able,  may  be 
able  to  do,  may  be  able  to  see,  may  be  able  to  say. 

2.  May  be  able  to  tell,  I  may  be,  you  may  be,  you  may 
be  able,  you  may  be  able  to  do,  I  may  be  able  to  see. 

3.  We  may  be  able,  we  may  be  able  to  do,  you  may  be 
able  to  say,  you  may  be  able  to  tell,  I  may  be  able  to  tell. 

4.  Embezzle    embezzlement,   imprison    imprisonment, 
impossible,  it  is  impossible,  it  is  impossible  to  say. 


(i4 


MOSHER  SHORTHAXD. 


141.     READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


142. 


KEY. 


It  may  be  that  the  boy  with  the  mumps  is  a  good  jumper, 
but  it  is  impossible  for  him  to  jump  as  high  with  that 
limber  pole  as  he  could  if  he  had  one  which  was  made  from 
better  timber.  The  German  Emperor's  ambassador  said 
that  the  embargo  was  an  imposition  upon  the  people,  and 
that  it  is  important  that  steps  should  be  taken  to  improve 
their  condition.  You  may  be  able  to  do  the  work  without 
employing  an  engineer  to  run  the  pump,  but  it  is  import- 
ant that  the  work  should  be  done  promptly  or  not  at  all. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  65 

143.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

It  may  be  important  that  the  lumber  which  is  damp 
should  be  dried  in  the  kiln  before  it  is  put  into  the  temple. 
I  may  be  able  to  show  that  he  is  an  imposter,  and  that  he 
embezzled  the  funds  of  his  employer,  and  that  he  is  not 
exempt  from  imprisonment.  Did  you  see  the  man  limp 
after  he  made  the  jump?  That  timber  will  make  good 
lumber,  and  we  should  devise  some  way  of  getting  to  it. 
I  think  he  set  a  very  poor  example,  and  I  hope  you  will 
not  again  allow  such  an  imposter  to  tamper  with  the  pump. 


QUESTIONS. 

How  may  P  or  B  be  added  to  M  ? 

What  is  M  called  when  thus  inclined  ? 

On  which  side  of  Emp  is  the  T-hook  attached? 

On  which  side  of  Emp  are  the  hook-vowels  attached? 


LESSON    XVII. 


144.  In  phrase- writing,  unimportant  words  may  be 
omitted  where  they  can  be  easily  supplied  by  the  context. 

The  omission  of  words  may  be  carried  to  a  considerable 
extent  by  experienced  writers,  but  it  is  better  for  the  em- 
bryonic stenographer  to  confine  himself  to  the  ones  herein 
given. 

To  and  the  are  omitted  in  such  phrases  as,  In  regard  to 
the  question.  (See  line  1.) 

From  and  to  are  omitted  in  such  phrases  as,  From  year 
to  year.  (Line  2.) 

After  is  omitted  in  such  phrases  as,  Year  after  year. 
(Line  3.) 

145.  PHRASES. 


--o 


146.  KEY. 


1.     In  regard  to  the  question,  in  reference  to  the  matter, 
in  order  to  hear,  I  may  be  able  to  write. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


67 


2.  From  year  to  year,  from  time  to  time,  from  day  to 
day,  from  week  to  week,  from  hour  to  hour. 

3.  Year  after  year,  time  after  time,  day  after  day,  week 
after  week,  hour  after  hour. 

147.  Few  stenographers  can  write  articles  which  con- 
tain many  figures  with  the  same  rapidity  they  can  write 
other  matter.  The  expedients  contained  in  this  lesson, 
when  thoroughly  learned,  are  of  great  assistance  in  taking 
dictation  which  contains  many  figures.  When  written 
separately,  it  is  generally  best  to  write  1,  2  and  3,  with  the 
shorthand  characters,  but  when  written  in  groups  they 
should  be  written  in  the  ordinary  way. 

The  following  list  includes  those  combinations  which 
occur  most  frequently  in  actual  work  : 


148.     WRITING  AND  READING  EXERCISE. 


7 


jo 


/o     2-0     3o 
/(^    2-(f 


/(T^^L^  3(T^y 

t> 


-f 


68   . 
149. 


MOSHEE  SHORTHAND. 
KEY. 


1.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  0? 

2.  $1,  $2,  $3,  $4,  $5,  $6,  $7,  $8,  $9. 

3.  10,  20,  30,  40,  50,  GO,  70,  80,  90. 

4.  $10,  $20,  $40,  $50,  $60,  $70,  $80,  $90.  . 

5.  10  days,  20  days,  30  days,  40  days,  50  days,  60  days, 
70  days,  80  days,  90  days. 

6.  700;    7,000,000;   7,000;   7   Ib. ;   $700,   $7,000,000; 
$7,000 ;  7,000  Ib. 

"7.     700  Ib.;  7,000,000  Ib.,  1%,  7c,  7^,  7V4,  73/4,  7V8, 

?%• 

8.      i,  J,  I,  I,  I,  2  or  3,  3  or  4,  7  or  8. 

150.     WRITING  AND  READING  EXERCISE. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  69 

151.  KEY. 

Dear  Sir: — /  have  your  favor  of  the  10th  inst.  We  will 
furnish  you  with  the  following  Hems  for  $150.00: 

20  Windows  28x30  1% 

4  20x30  11/4 

2  Sash  32x50  2% 

2  Doors  2-10x7*4 

4  Oak  Newels         7x7         No.  34 

4  Doors  2-10x6-8         1%         1  light 

3  "  2-6x7-5     No.  80 

3  Diamond  Sash     24x30         Stained  Glass. 

We  will  give  you  10%  off  from  the  above  upon  receipt  of 
cash  with  order.  Hoping  to  hear  from1  you  with  an  order, 
we  remain,  Yours  truly, 

QUESTIONS. 

What  words  are  omitted  in  phrase  writing? 

When  are  to  and  the  omitted? 

When  are  from  and  to  omitted? 

When  may  after  be  omitted  ? 

How  may  H1/^  be  written? 

How  may  7%  be  written? 

How  may  5%  be  written  ? 

How  may  n1/^  be  written? 

How  is  500  represented? 

How  is  7.000.000  represented? 

What  represents  cents? 

What  represents  per  rent? 

What  is  the  difference  in  representing  500  and  5,000,000  ? 


LESSON    XVIII. 


152.  Gra  is  represented  by  a  small  "extended  initial 
hook  attached  to  the  inside  of  curved  characters,  to  the 
under  side  of  T,  D,  N,  and  M,  and  to  the  left  side  of  other 
straight  characters. 

This  hook  is  very  seldom  used,  however,  in  connection 
with  R,  L,  and  TH. 

Gre  or  Gri  is  represented  by  a  small  short  initial  hook 
attached  to  the  same  characters  as  above. 

A  small  initial  hook  is  attached  to  the  reverse  S  to  indi- 
cate Gro. 

These  hooks  are  generally  used  when  a  circle  yowel  occurs 
after  the  Gr,  but  in  a  few  cases  they  are  used  when  the  vowel 
occurs  between  the  G  and  r,  as  in  guarantee. 

These  hooks  are  also  used  to  a  limited  extent  when  the 
following  voweMs  a  hook-vowel,  but  these  irregularities 
should  be  confined  to  memorized  outlines. 

153.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  71 


154.  KEY. 

1.  Gram,     grammar,     grain,     grant,     granddaughter, 
grandfather,  grandmother,  grandparents,  grand  jury. 

2.  Green,  grim,  Greek,  Gregg,  grit,  grip,  greed,  greedy, 
greediness,  grimly. 

3.  Grave,  grass,  gross,  grace,  gravy,  grocery,  engrave, 
engross,  gradual,  gradually. 

4.  Degradation,    great,    greatness,    greatest,    grateful, 
gratefully,  gratefulness,  grade,  emigrate,  immigrate. 

5.  Emigrant,  grapes,  grabs,  grand,  grantee,  granulate, 
granite,  granulation,  greater,  greatly. 

6.  Gratuitous,  graduate,  graduation,  grandson,  grantor. 

155.     READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


'  •?-• 


MOSHER  SHORTHAVI>. 


156. 


KEY. 


The  graduate  said  he  spent  four  year?  in  the  grammar 
grade,  which  is  a  great  deal  too  long.  His  grandparents 
wanted  him  to  study  Gregg  shorthand,  but  his  father 
wanted  him  to  study  Greek.  The  boy  while  at  the  Granite 
store  grabbed  some  granulated  sugar  which  was  made  from 
green  grapes.  This  sugar  is  much  better  than  sugar  made 
from  green  grain,  as  it  is  much  sweeter.  If  the  boy  is 
brought  before  the  grand  jury,  his  grandfather  and  grand- 
mother will  try  to  have  him  released  and  they  will  be  very 
grateful  if  they  succeed.  You  rmist  have  grit  if  you  want 
to  learn  shorthand.  Keep  at  it  and  you  will  gradually 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  73 

master  it,  and  will  finally  be  able  to  report  with  the  great- 
est ease.  I  am  glad  to  hear  that  the  land  is  on  grade,  and 
I  will  now  grant  your  request.  The  emigrant  was  a  greedy 
man  and  he  wanted  all  of  the  land  which  was  granted  to 
him,  but  when  he  found  he  could  not  hold  it  he  gave  it  to 
his  father.  The  student  should  write  this  page  over  and 
over  again;  otherwise  he  will  have  trouble  with  the  next 
lesson. 

157.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

r 

Have  you  seen  the  programs  which  were  printed  last 
night?  The  printer  spent  a  great  deal  of  time  on  them 
but  he  did  not  do  a  good  job.  He  used  green  ink,  which 
was  not  suitable.  The  pilgrim  said  he  was  tired  and  that 
he  needed  a  rest.  Do  you  like  this  brand  of  canned  grapes  ? 
Will  you  guarantee  it  to  be  a  good  brand?  Have  you  ever 
been  to  see  the  large  granite  rock  ?  Thin  grade  is  so  steep 
the  train  cannot  run  on  it.  This  train  ought  to  go  over 
this  grade. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  Gra  represented? 

How  is  the  Gr-hook  attached  to  curved  characters? 
On  which  side  is  it  attached  to  straight  characters? 
To  what  character  is  Gro  attached? 


LESSON    XIX. 


158.  Ivla  is  represented  by  a  large,  extended,  initial 
hook  attached  to  the  inside  of  curved  characters,  and  the 
under  side  of  T,  D,  N",  and  M,  and  to  the  left  side  of  other 
straight  characters. 

Kle  or  Kli  is  represented  by  a  large,  short,  initial  hook, 
attached  to  the  same  characters  as  above. 

A  large  initial  hook  is  attached  tc  the  reverse  S  to  indi- 
cate Klo. 

The  same  as  the  Gr-hook,  the  Kl-hook  is  generally  used 
when  the  vowel  follows  the  hook,  but  this  hook  may  also  be 
used  in  a  few  cases  when  the  vowel  comes  between  the  K 
and  1. 

It  is  also  used  with  some  hook-vowels,  but  only  in  word- 
signs  and  memorized  words. 

In  a  few  instances,  especially  when  the  Kl-hook  occurs 
in  the  center  of  a  word,  it  is  placed  on  the  oppo- 
site side  of  a  straight  character  in  order  to  secure  a  better 
joining. 

159.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


160. 


KEY. 


1.  Claim,  claimant,  clamor,  clamors,  clan,  clamp. 

2.  Clean,  cleaner,  cleanly,  cleanliness,  clinch,  cleanse, 
clear,  clearness,  clearer. 

3.  Clearly,    clerk,    clergy,    clergymen,    clique,    cling, 
clincher,  gangrene,  cleat. 

4.  CJap,  clapboard,  claret,  clarionet,  climate,  clemency, 
clatter,  clinker,  clamps. 

5.  Preclude,  seclude,  include,  exclude,  preclusion,  seclu- 
sion, exclusion,  conclude,*  conclusion,  conclusive. 

6.  Clearing,   Columbia,  congress,  class,  congressional, 
declaimed,  exclaimed,  proclaimed,  reclaimed. 

Students  who  are  inclined  to  close  the  Gr  and  Kl  hooks 
should  practice  on  the  movement  exercises  which  are  given 
in  the  fore  part  of  the  book. 

When  the  hand  has  been  properly  trained,  these  hooks 
can  be  accurately  formed,  even  in  the  most  rapid  writing. 


*Con  is  represented  by  a  dot. 


7T>  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

161.     WRITING  AND  READING  EXERCISE. 


162. 


KEY. 


The  claimant  made  a  claim  against  the  railroad  company 
for  damages,  but  the  clerk  stated  that  it  was  a  clear  case  of 
neglect  on  the  part  of  the  clergyman  and  therefore  the 
claim  would  not  he  allowed.  Clinch  the  nails  so  that  the 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  77 

clamps  will  be  tight.  The  clerk  can  play  on  a  clarionet 
better  than  a  great  many  who  have  taken  lessons.  The  pa- 
tient will  recover  if  gangrene  does  not  set  in.  Did  you 
hear  the  clatter  of  the  horses'  feet  on  the  pavement  as  the 
clergyman  rode  down  the  street?  The  clergyman's  clerk 
stated  that  there  was  an  excellent  assortment  of  small  grain 
at  the  state  fair.  It  is  clear  to  my  mind  that  this  climate 
is  so  warm  that  it  is  impossible  to  raise  grapes  here.  There 
are  many  clingstone  peaches  on  the  market,  but  they  are 
not  so  good  as  the  fruit  which  will  come  later.  The  grain 
must  be  clean  and  free  from  screenings  or  we  will  not  take 
it.  You  should  nail  a  cleat  on  that  loose  clapboard  or  it 
will  be  lost. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  is  Kla  represented? 
How  is  Kle  represented"? 
To  what  character  is  Klo  attached? 

To  which  side  of  straight  characters  is  the  Kl-hook  at- 
tached? 

Is  it  ever  attached  to  the  opposite  side? 
How  is  Con  represented? 


x 


LESSON    XX. 


OMISSION  OF  LETTERS. 

163.  R  is  omitted  in  the  syllables,  serve,  verse,  fir, 
quire,  ure. 

conservative     perverse     firm     inquire     perjure 

>^7          ^  / 

164.  A  is  frequently  omitted  from  the  syllable  age, 
when  that  syllable  terminates  a  word. 

In  order  to  secure  better  joinings,  a  vowel  preceding  tion 
may  be  omitted. 

165.  D  is  omitted  before  J,  M,  and  V. 

degradation    passage     adjourn     admission    advocate 

-a  Q 

L-  o 7         £ — 3 


Misfit,  misfortune,  deceive,  disadvantage,  pacific,  pacify, 
disregard,  disrespect. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  79 

166.  When  two  or  more  consecutive  vowels  not  form- 
ing a  pure  diphthong  occur  in  a  word,  one  of  them  is 
usually  omitted.  To  show  how  they  may  be  used,  however, 
the  following  illustrations  are  given: 


aa       a        ao      a        o        oa         oo       ae 


Qs> 


167.     In  such  words  as  'pneumonia,  ia  may  be  repre- 
sented by  placing  a  dot  inside  the  circle. 


1.  lota,  iodine,  ionic,  lion,  Eyan,  monomania. 

2.  Pneumonia,   oasis,   snowy,   ammonia,   fiat,  science, 
poem. 

3.  Embryo,  payee,  via,  Leo,  insomnia,  Olympia. 

4.  Chaos,  pious,  bias. 

168.     Scribe  is  represented  by  sJcr;  scription,  by  skr-sh, 
sk  representing  the  syllable  tion. 


80 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


Prescribe,  subscribe,  describe,  prescription,  description, 
discretion. 


169.     Atic  is  represented  by  a  large  hook  attached  to 
the  underside  of  M  and  Tm. 

dramatic       climatic       rheumatic       automatic 


170.        BEADING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


171. 


KEY. 


1.     Reserve,  conceive,  injure,  conjure,  leisure,  inquire, 
require,  acquire,  confirm. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


81. 


2.  EeaflKrm,  adjective,   admonition,   package,   luggage, 
affirm. 

3.  Drayage,  subscription,  inscribe,  subscribe,  proscribe, 
prescribe,  motion. 

4.  Emotion,  prestige,  option,  cartage,  voyage,  prescrip- 
tion, proscription,  storage. 

5.  Trackage,  treasure,  measure,  perverse. 


/•          — •%j— ••— -"^-^  t 

(    V^c*^    a£j 


LESSON    XXI. 


JOINED  PREFIXES. 


By  a  judicious  use  of  prefixes  and  affixes,  we  are  enabled 
to  form  very  brief  outlines  for  many  long  words  without 
impairing  their  legibility. 

172.  AFTER.  Afternoon,  afterlife,  aftermath,  after- 
act,  af  terclap,  after-sails. 


173.     TJLT.     Ulterior,  ultimate,  ultramarine,  ultima- 
tum, ultimately,  ultimation. 


174.     EX.     Exact,  executor,  excavate,  excavation,  ex- 
ceed, excel. 


3 


175.     OUT.     Outcast,  outdo,  outdraw,  outdrink,  out- 
last, outlay. 


1 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


83 


176.     SUB.     Subdue,  subdivide,  sublime,  submit,  sub- 
minister,  substitute. 


177.     AL,  OK.     Although,  altogether,  also,  alter,  al- 
teration, alternately,  orphan. 


178.     PER,  PRO.     Proclaim,  perform,  profound,  pro- 
fess, provide,  permit. 


179.     FOR,   FUR.     Forfeit,   foretell,  foresee,  forget, 
furnish,  furniture. 


180.     RECOX,  RECOM,  RECOG.     Recognize,  recom- 
mend, reconcile,  recompense,  recommit,  recommendation. 


181.     EM,  IM.     Immerge,  emergent,  emphasize,  em- 
broider, impeach,  impose. 


84  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

182.     EN",  IN,  UN.     Enrich,  enrage,  unload,  unjust, 
engage,  unreformed. 


183.  Words  which  have  a  positive  and  negative  form 
are  distinguished  from  each  other  by  using  the  initial 
vowel  with  the  negative. 

moderate  immoderate  enable  unable  known  unknown 


184.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


185. 


KEY. 


1.  Aftertaste,     after-writer,     outlet,     outrage,     after- 
thought, aforethought,  afterguard,  afteraction. 

2.  Subjugation,  subjoin,  subsidy,  outran,  outride,  sub- 
tenant, almost,  always. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


85 


3.  Alternate,  outrun,  outline,  ultraist,  ultramundane, 
alderman,  alterable. 

4.  Exalt,  excite,  outfit,  executive,  subministrant,  sub- 
minister. 

5.  Subsequent,  substitution,  promote,  permit,  exchange- 
able, outlaw,  sublieutenant. 


186. 


EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 


187. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


/I    e 


188. 


\     ^- 
KEY 


1.     Enthusiasm,  except,   exception,  express,  expel,  ex- 
plain, example,  ultimo,  already,   organization.    • 


86 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


2.  External,  eternal,  forgave,  executor,  executors,  ex- 
ecutrix, exercise,  audience. 

3.  Enlarge,  experience,  excite,  mortal,  immortal,   city, 
cities,  citizen,  citizens. 

4.  Color,  clear,  punish,  condition,  along,  long,  estab- 
lish, astonish,  dark,  animal,  estate. 


189.      READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE 
WITH  KEY. 


190.  KEY. 

Dear  Sir:  We  went  to  see  you  yesterday  afternoon  but 
did  not  find  you  in.  We  shall  call  again  some  day  next 
week,  and  at  that  time  we  shall  be  ready  to  express  our  ulti- 
matum. We  think  you  have  been  a  very  independent  indi- 
vidual, and  have  not  endeavored  to  help  matters.  There 
seems  to  be  no  indication  of  any  intention  on  your  part  to 
perform  your  work  in  a  satisfactory  manner;  at  least,  you 
have  done  nothing  to  indicate  a  proper  spirit.  An  exam- 
ination shows  that  at  the  outset  you  permitted  all  outstand- 
ing bills  to  remain  unpaid.  Already,  in  fact,  almost  every 
tl/ii/  we  have  had  to  forfeit  some  of  our  rights  on  account 
of  the  indolence  of  some  of  our  sub-agents.  I  am  perfectly 
willing  to  be  indulgent,  but  you  must  not  be  too  indifferent. 
You  say  you  want  to  be  moderate  in  all  you  do.  We  do 
not  ask  you  to  be  immoderate,  but  we  cannot  tell  at  the 
present  time  what  will  happen.  It  is  unknown  to  me  mn'l 


88  MOSHER  STIORTTTAXD. 

I  shall  not  try  to  make  a  forecast.  Further  comment  is 
unnecessary.  You  can  see  that  our  business  will  be  in  a 
bad  condition  if  our  agents  act  as  if  they  were  troubled 
with  indigestion.  I  will  give  you  an  opportunity  to  de- 
fend yourself  when  I  see  you. 

In  regard  to  the  other  matter  which  you  mentioned  in 
your  letter  of  the  17th,  will  say  that  I  am  not  prepared  to 
state  what  will  be  done.  We  will  decide  on  that  point 
when  I  see  you.  I  will  examine  the  papers  as  soon  as 
I  have  time,  and  will  then  send  them  to  my  attorney. 

191.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  letter  which  is  just  at  hand, 
will  scty  that  I  was  at  the  mine  this  afternoon  and  made 
an  examination.  I  was  favorably  impressed  with  the  way 
the  work  is  going  on.  If  they  do  as  well  during  the  next 
two  weeks  they  will  be  ready  to  begin  mining  again  by  the 
first  of  next  month.  Will  you  be  able  to  export  any  ore 
this  month? 

I  note  what  you  say  about  Jones's  letter.  You  seem  to 
think  it  is  necessary,  but  I  think  it  is  quite  unnecessary 
for  me  to  recognize  the  immoderate  statements  of  this  un- 
known man.  He  will  have  to  surrender  the  property  and 
it  will  do  him  no  good  to  take  it. 

Yours  truly, 


o^_— -^fc 


LESSON    XXII. 


DISJOINED  PREFIXES. 

In  the  following  illustrations  of  the  disjoined  prefixes,  it 
should  be  noticed  that  the  words  are  so  written  that  the 
prefixes  are  above  the  line,  with  the  exception  of  SELF- 
CON'.  SELF-COX  is  written  on  the  line  to  distinguish 
it  from  SELF,  which  is  represented  b}7  the  same  form  of  S. 

192.  ENTEE,  INTEE.  Enterprise,  intermit,  inter- 
national, interchange,  entertain,  entertained. 


L 


193.     INTEL.     Intelligence,   intelligent,    intelligible, 
intellectual,  intellective,  intellectualism. 


194.  COUXTEE,  COXTEI.  Countermand,  counter- 
march, counterbalance,  counter-bond,  counteract,  contribu- 
tion. 


90  MOSHEU  SHORTHAND. 

195.     SUPER,    SUPRE.  .  Superfine,   superficial,   su- 
preme, supernatural,  superfluous,  supremacy. 


196.      SELF.      Selfish,    self-evident,    self-knowledge, 
self-esteem,  self-important,  self-love. 


197.  SELF-CON,  SELF-COM.  Self -conceit,  self- 
consuming,  self-control,  self-command,  self-confidence, 
self -convicted. 


198.     CIRCU,   CTRCUM.     Circle,    circular,    circum- 
spect, circumvent,  circumstance,  circumstances. 


199.     ELECTRT,   ELECTRO.      Electrotype,  electro- 
cute, electricity,  electroplate,  electrify,  electromotor. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  91 

200.     ANTE,  ANTI,  ANT  A.     Antecedent,  antedate, 
antediluvian,  antipathy,  antagonist. 


201.     MAGNA,  MAGNI.     Magnate,  magnetism,  mag- 
nify, magnifier,  magnificent,  magnitude. 


GS 


202.     MULTI.     Multiplication,   multiply,   multitude, 
multiform,  multiplier,  multiple. 


203.       TRANS.       Translate,    transparent,    transact, 
transit,  transcontinental,  transmit. 


204.     OVER.     Overdo,    overlook,    oversee,    overtake, 
overthrow,  overestimate. 


92  MOSTIER  SHORTHAND. 

205.      UXDER.      Underpay,   undertook,   understand, 
undertake,  underestimate,  undersell. 


206.     PARA.     Paramount,  paragraph,  parallel,  para- 
lyze, parasite,  paraphrase. 


207.     SUSPI,  SUSPE,  SUSCEP.     Susceptible,   sus- 
pense, suspicion,  suspicious,  suspend,  susceptive. 


/ 

/ 


208.     COX,   COM,   COG.      Combat,   contained,   con- 
dense, cognate,  comparison,  constrain. 


209.         HEADING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


o — i 

/,   'j.  Z. 


C 


MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 


93 


1.  Transfer,  overact,  counter-bond,  self-confident,  un- 
derneath, transfigure,  counteract,  superabundant. 

2.  Combat,  computation,  underbrush,  transform,  over- 
balance, superficial,  circumscribe,  compact,  transgress,  self- 
healing. 

3.  Overcharge,  intellectual,  transient,  circumscription, 
undergo,  undertook,  transmit,  overflow,  underrate. 

4.  Counterpoise,  controversy,  self-confidence,  magnify, 
parable,  overland,  self-improvement,  circumspective,  un- 
dersign. 

5.  Paramount,    superstition,    underhand,    transitive, 
commander,  committee,  intellectually,  suspense,  commit. 

6.  Compliment,    counter-motion,    conclude,    counter- 
march, intellective,  conceal,  self-conjecture. 

7.  Transport,  connection,  suspend,  antecedent,  super- 
stitious, self-mastery,  support,  self-exalted,  superior. 


94  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

211.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1.  Counter-drain,  commend,  self-indulgence,  concen- 
trate, electro-motive,  magnetism,  paradox,  concentration, 
magnificent,  electro-motion,  overbearing,  self-made,  com- 
mittal, combination,  convert,  circumnavigate,  self-murder, 
connect,  counter-charge,  conductor,  cognomen,  combine, 
antelope,  self-possessed,  conclusion,  consignment,  antemun- 
dane,  multifarious,  superannuated,  electrometric,  multi- 
valve,  parasite,  compassion,  antedate,  self-commune,  com- 
plaint, competed,  countercheck,  overstated,  complaisant, 
command,  transpose,  countermand,  multiplex,  circumja- 
cent, circumvolation,  parasitic,  parachute,  undertone;  trans- 
parent, antechamber,  conclusive,  conceit,  counterbalance, 
commendable,  underact,  counterfeit,  circumflexion,  sub- 
stratum, electrify,  magnifiable,  companionable,  commend- 
able, oversight. 

212.  READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


213.  KEY. 


This  man  was  recommended  to  me  as  a  superior  elec- 
trician, but  the  people  were  suspicious.  They  said  he 
knew  nothing  about  transmitting  or  transferring  a  circuit 
under  ground.  No  one  could  have  been  more  careful  than 
1  was.  I  knew  there  was  a  strong  under-current  among 
the  people,  and  I  saw  that  the  business  was  not  transacted 
in  a  superficial  manner.  I  knew  this  man  was  a  superior 
electrician,  but  he  was  held  in  restriction  by  not  having 
the  support,  but  on  the  contrary,  having  the  antipathy  of 
the  superintendent. 

This  note  is  untransferable,  and  it  was  short-sighted- 
ness on  your  part  for  you  to  try  to  transfer  it  or  sell  it 


96 


MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 


and  I  think  you  overstated  the  amount  of  interest  which 
was  due. 

Will  you  furnish  me  with  an  accurate  transcription  of 
your  shorthand  notes?  You  had  better  not  undertake  to 
suspend  him  until  after  you  have  had  an  interview  with 
your  superior.  You  should  endeavor  to  get  his  consent 
before  you  take  any  decisive  action.  It  may  be  true  that 
this  case  has  no  parallel  in  history,  still  it  would  be  im- 
prudent for  you  to  act  hastily.  The  circulars  must  be 
distributed  in  order  to  prevent  the  overthrow  of  the  society. 
This  is  the  paramount  question,  and  the  people  are  in 
suspense,  and  they  will  not  be  satisfied  with  a  multitude  of 
excuses. 


214. 


EXERCISE  WITHOUT  KEY. 


LESSON    XXIII. 


AFFIXES. 

Affixes,  like  prefixes,  are  divided  into  two  classes,  joined 
and  disjoined.  This  lesson  will  be  devoted  to  those  which 
are  joined.  Special  attention  should  be  given  to  the  affix 
POSE.  The  S  is  omitted  to  avoid  a  conflict  with  TION. 

215.  ALLY.      Totally,   shabbily,   formally,   readily, 
happily,  merrily. 

216.  BLE.    Terrible,  eatable,  seasonable,  questionable, 
formidable,  miserable. 


/    7    'r    7    ^r  ~7 


217.     FUI^L,  FOKE.     Trifle,  careful,  bashful,  lawful, 
wherefore,  therefore. 


98 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


218.     LESS.    Heedless,   careless,   nameless,   horseless, 
homeless. 


219.     LY.     Amply,  smoothly,  rarely,  quickly,  barely, 
fairlv. 


Q O         C< 


220.     MENT.      Attachment,   amusement,   movement, 
statement,  payment,  enforcement. 


221.     NESS.     Hopelessness,  fairness,  keenness,  bare- 
ness, firmness,  hardness. 


222.     WARD.     Backward,  forward,  onward,  outward, 
inward. 


) 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


99 


223.     POSE.    Repose,  suppose,  depose,  propose,  expose, 
oppose,  impose. 


- 

7 


224.     T10N.    Opposition,  proposition,  deposition,  im- 
position, action,  physician,  ration. 


/:•£•-< 

y 


225.     SELF,    SELVES.      Myself,   yourself,   himself, 
ourselves,  themselves,  yourselves. 


226.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


100  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

227.  KEY. 

1.  Wonderful,   hopeful,  tastefully,   senseless,   odorless, 
fairly,  freely,  clearness. 

2.  Neatness,  numbness,  bashfulness,  carelessness,  cool- 
ness, haughtily. 

3.  Watchful,  soreness,  motionless,  richness,  rationally, 
fatally,  joyfully,  wishfully. 

4.  Prudently,     heartlessness,      seriousness,     readable, 
coarseness,  moveable. 

5.  Cordially,  mindful,  armless,  remindful,  mournful. 

6.  Wakeful,  remorseless,  harmful,  gratefully,  namely, 
timely,  badly. 

228.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


MOSIIEU  SHORTHAND. 


101 


229. 


KEY 


The  lowness  of  the  land  made  it  an  undesirable  place 
to  live.  The  boy's  carelessness  gave  his  parents  a  great 
deal  of  trouble.  The  thoughtful  boy  was  unconcerned 
about  the  lateness  of  the  hour  and  continued  to  do  his 
work  as  carefully  as  you  could  have  done  it  yourself.  It 
is  clear  that  the  shorthand  notes  were  written  so  rapidly 
they  are  not  readable.  Will  .you  be  at  the  station  when 
the  train  comes  in?  Please  send  me  a  statement  of  my 


102  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

account  and  I  will  mail  you  a  check.  The  bashful  boy 
would  not  speak  in  an*  audible  tone.  He  was  a  useful, 
thoughtful,  and  peaceable  man.  He  was  as  fearless  as  he 
was  noble,  and  as  humble  as  he  was  fearless.  On  account 
of  the  hardness  of  the  rock,  they  themselves  were  unable 
to  drill  a  hole  in  it.  This  man's  evidence  is  admissible, 
and  you  must  take  his  deposition  before  he  leaves  this 
section  of  the  country  and  forward  it  to  our  attorney.  Will 
you  be  at  the  station  in  time  to  meet  the  President  if  he 
comes  on  the  first  train?  I,  myself,  saw  him  when  he 
bought  the  gun.  I  know  he  is  careless  about  his  work  and 
is  rarely  on  time.  He  has  more  fondness  for  amusement 
than  he  has  for  business.  Quite  lately,  I  saw  him  in  a 
very  awkward  position.  The  hopelessness  of  the  case  was 
caused  by  a  mistake  on  the  part  of  a  clerk  in  the  auditing 
department.  The  counsel  for  the  defendant  made  a  mo- 
tion to  dismiss. 

230.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Heartless,  accountable,  personal,  locally,  doorless,  notion- 
less,  cleanly,  tastefulness,  punctually,  reliable,  clearly,  late- 
ness, shoeless,  mainly,  heedlessness,  heartful,  heartily, 
fashionable,  toothless,  heedfully,  sickly,  painless,  boastful, 
coatless,  literally,  playfully,  rightful,  restful,  boatless, 
tasteless,  harmlessness,  finally,  joyfully,  dutiful,  harmful- 
ness,  harmlessness. 


LESSON    XXIV. 


DISJOINED  AFFIXES. 

231.  ING.  Knowing,  cheering,  feeling,  willing,  plead- 
ing, smiling. 

232.  INGLY.    Knowingly,  cheeringly,  feelingly,  will- 
ingly, pleadingly,  smilingly. 


233.     ING  A.    Knowing  a,  cheering  a,  feeling  a,  will- 
ing a,  pleading  a,  having  a. 


/ 


234.     ING  THE.     Knowing  the,  cheering' the,  feeling 
the,  finding  the,  pleading  the,  having  the. 

/,    J.       4        C 


104 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


235.     INGS.    Meanings,  feelings,  teachings,  pleadings, 
readings. 


236.  IXGTOX.     Washington,  Harrington,  Kensing- 
ton, Lexington,  Remington. 

s^  / 

237.  FICATIOX.    Ratification,  classification,  modifi- 
cation, gratification,  notification,  edification. 


V 


238.     MEXTAL.     Fundamental,  sentimental,  experi- 
mental, ornamental,  monumental. 


239.     OGRAPH.    Autograph,  photograph,  lithograph, 
stenograph,  mimeograph,  phonograph. 


MOSHKR  SHORTHAND. 


105 


240.     OGRAPHY.      Geography,    photography,    biog- 
raphy, stenography,  autobiography,  pyrography. 


241.  OGEAPHEK,  OGRAPHIC.  Photographer,  bi- 
ographer, stenographer,  lithographic,  photographic,  steno- 
graphic. 


242.     ULATE.     Stimulate,  tabulate,  gesticulate,  stip- 
ulate, modulate,  formulate. 


243.     ULATED.     Stimulated,  tabulated,  gesticulated, 
stipulated,  modulated,  formulated. 


244.     ULATION".     Stimulation,  tabulation,  gesticula- 
tion, stipulation,  modulation,  formulation. 


106  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

245.     TJLATOK.     Stimulator,  tabulator,  gosticulator, 
stipulator,  modulator,  formula  tor. 


246.     TJLATIVE.    Stimulative,  accumulative,  manip- 
ulative, speculative,  cumulative. 


247.     ICLE.     Vehicle,    physically,    musical,    bicycle, 
logical,  logically. 


/     /        ^       / 

/  x  — • -N 


248.     SHIP.     Township,  steamship,    friendship,    ap- 
prenticeship, clerkship,  hardship. 


249.     EEITY,  ARITY,  ORITY,  ALLITY,  ILLITY. 

t 
Hilarity,  minority,  brutality,  nationality,  morality. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  107 

250.     OLOGY.    Biology,  physiology,  geology,  phrenol- 
ogy* psychology. 


/ 


251.     OLOGIST.     Geologist,   phrenologist,  biologist, 
psychologist. 


252.     ISITY,  OSITY.    Curiosity,  viscosity,  animosity, 
elasticity,  vivacity,  ferocity. 

^  ^    y[     ^ 


253.     ESTIC,  ISTIC.     Domestic,  majestic,  artistic, 
drastic,  gymnastic,  elastic. 


254.     TJATE.     Habituate,  -  habituation,     habituated, 
fluctuate,  fluctuated,  fluctuation. 


108 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


255.     ANITY.     Christianity,    vanity,    insanity,    hu- 
manity. 


256.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


( 

<^_ 


i.    i, 


257. 


KEY. 


1.  Playing,  dealings,  steamship,  extenuated,  defending 
the,  defeating  the,  laughingly. 

2.  Accountable,  capacity,  courtship,  penmanship,  vital- 
ity, elasticity,  painting,  paintings. 

3.  Animosity,  stability,  familiarity,  Kensington,  exten- 
uation, hoping  the, 'hoping  a,  serving  the. 

4:.  .  Saving  the,  saving  a,  magical,  airship,  cherishing  the, 
expostulate,  cultivating  a,  charmingly,  instrumental. 
5.    Authorship,  partnership,  manipulator,  smilingly. 


A 


\ 


258. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 
READING    EXERCISE. 


109 


7  / 

— ^      £_.— 


<*U 


259.        READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


110  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


260.  KEY. 

Mr.  Kensington,  while  at  Washington,  said  it  is  a  grati- 
fication to  know  that  the  classification  is  now  beyond  an 
experimental  stage,  and  that  he  is  confident  no  further 
mortification  will  be  felt,  or  alteration  be  necessary.  You 
say  you  are  familiar  with  Biology  and  Phrenology,  and 
that  you  are  going  to  study  Physiology  and  Psychology 
before  you  begin  the  studies  of  Theology  and  Geology.  The 
stenographer  said  the  tabulator  was  out  of  order  and  that 
he  would  not  continue  to  use  it.  High  speed  cannot  be  at- 
tained unless  the  fundamental  principles  are  well  learned. 
Humanity  and  Christianity  are  not  long,  associated  with 
vanity  and  insanity.  Owing  to  the  brutality,  rascality,  and 
lack  of  morality  in  one  of  the  members  of  the  partnership, 
and  the  bombastic  pomposity  of  the  other,  no  friendship 
existed  between  them.  The  dog  exhibited  much  sagacity 
as  well  as  physical  strength.  The  identification  was  posi- 
tive and  the  point  of  legality  is  now  established  beyond 
doubt.  Although  it  was  a  great  mortification  to  him,  he 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  Ill 

willingly  read  the  letter  which  he  received  from  Wash- 
ington. The  photographer  and  the  stenographer  said  that 
the  penmanship  was  more  ornamental  than  legible,  and 
the  argunient  was  illogical  and  the  entire  proceedings  il- 
legal. 

261.  WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Ecclesiastical,  clerical,  flashing  the,  shooting  a,  mailing 
the,  lovingly,  reading  a,  jumping  the,  cultivating  the,  com- 
ing the,  knowingly,  believing  the,  periodical,  legality,  fel- 
lowship, writings,  paintings,  painting  the,  leavings,  reveal- 
ings,  seamanship,  steamship,  numbness,  moving  the,  turn- 
ing a,  strikingly,  twitting  the,  twittingly,  seemingly,  warn- 
ingly. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


In  taking  ordinary  dictation,  about  nine-tenths  of  the 
words  are  represented  by  some  of  the  word-signs  found  in 
the  following  list.  Those  who  wish  to  become  rapid  writers 
and  good  readers  of  shorthand  should  write  this  list  over 
and  over  again. 

While  learning  the  word-signs,  it  is  not  advisable  to 
confine  the  study  exclusively  to  them.  Better  results  can 
be  obtained  by  learning,  for  instance,  a  page  a  day,  when 
going  over  them  for  the  first  time,  and  devoting  the  rest 
of  the  study  to  reviewing  the  text-book  from  the  begin- 
ning. A  portion  of  each  day  should  be  devoted  to  study- 
ing word-signs,  until  they  have  been  so  thoroughly  mas- 
tered that  they  can  be  written  as  rapidly  as  the  writer 
can  move  his  hand.  It  is  not  expected  that  this  result 
will  be  attained  the  first  time  they  are  gone  over. 

When  going  over  the  word-signs  the  second  time,  two 
pages  should  constitute  a  lesson,  the  third  time  over,  three 
pages,  and  the  fourth  time,  four;  after  that  at  least  five 
pages  a  day  should  be  taken  for  a  lesson.  Each  time  they 
are  written,  the  writer  should  endeavor  to  write  them  a 
little  more  rapidly  than  he  did  before.  By  thus  de- 
voting a  few  minutes  each  day  to  their  study,  they  will 
soon  become  so  memorized  that  they  will  be  of  great  as- 
sistance in  acquiring  high  speed. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAXD. 


113 




a,  an,  and-           o  —  ""  •  • 

admittance 

r    ••• 

abouir             ^/^ 

advance 

r    ... 

above              9 

advantage 

r   .... 

,  abundant^            ^y 

.  .  .   advantageous 

r  ... 

absolute             ^ 
\^ 

..advertise^- 

^  ••• 

abstract             or 

advise 

r  ... 

....   absurd~~~          s^)    •  • 

affidavit^ 

c~>       .•. 

accept            ^x"     •  • 

.  .  .  ,  afford 

crj      .... 

....  accession            ^ 

after 

.    accommodate               9 

aforesaid 

^"^ 

.-accomplish             / 

agent 

<r-"    .... 

.  .  .   according-ly            / 

agency 

<rr>       .... 

.  .  acquaintance           g—^ 

ago 

<T7        .... 

.  .  .  acquisition             c 

all 

^  .... 

actual-ly           <z  '    .  . 

,  .    allow 

<r^,.f. 

.  .  .  .  accurate-ly           Q  ^    •  • 

allow  it 

^    .••• 

....   accusation  -^        <^  ^ 

always 

.    .  .  accustom^ 

cr^    .... 

.  .  .     addition-al 

i 
America 

<T7  i        .... 

.  .  .  .    administer 

^^ 

among 

114 


7 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


amongst 

amount 

and 

angel. 


cry         anguish 

0 — 6"1      ....  announce-ment 

;r^—  * annual^ 

another^ 

a—r       answerX 

__™       anyv 

apologize* 

.  . .   appreciate-tion.^ 

approve  X, 

arrangement 


. . .  .are,  ourj 

arrive 

. .   ascertain 

ask 

assembly-ed 
assignment 


assistance 

associate 

association 

assort 

assure 

astonish  * 


attention 

at,  it    ' 
attorney 
author 
authority 
avoid-able 
aware 
awkward  r 

beauty 

beautiful 

be,  but 

become,  book 

been 

,  .  before 


J 


MOSHER  8 

TionTHAND.                            115 
**g 
-—a     s  came 

beforehand 

.     „  —  x        can,  court 

^-o-r     cancel 

-^~d—j    cancellation 

-—  -  *=>      capable 

( 
car 

believe 

-  —  o       care 

-  —  -  —  u  cargo 

benevolent 

—  6         carry 

-  —  -^      catalogue 

—  7        cause 

beyond 

—  •  —  c_       .  .       .  .              caused 

J  —  I          central 

bill-of-lading 

y^         certain 

x<^         certificate 

L  chairman 

^—          change 

7        character 

calculation 
.  call 

N  /            charge 

^            children 

116 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


circular 

/        consideration 

y   •• 

.  ..  circumference 

r        conspicuous 

** 

citizen 

^       constitution 

L-^ 

clear 

)>       consult 

•^  '    •  ' 

collect-or 

•=*—     convenient 

t  —  -/ 

collection 

y        conversation 

~x  ?     •  ' 

collect  it 

•  —  H'     ....  co-operate-tive 

combine 

^-^.^  correct 

S 

7 

....    combination 

-—  -e    ....  correspondence 

^          .. 

commerce 

-  —  -?-    corroborate 

/>           .- 

commercial 

.  „      cost 

L. 

commission 

^-^,      could 

f       .. 

company 

\  ^    counsel 

< 

concern 

—  2       country 

7 

conclusion 

~~~)       countrymen 

i: 

conclusive 
confidence 

—-p.        coupon 
^^     course 

/ 

congress 

-  —  -\       cover 

r*      .- 

connection 

^=cl*      credit 

^       .. 

consider 

^—  ^      curious 

MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


117 


custom          ^"^i 

department 

? 
detective 

dvitp         r   X_^ 

.    develop 

dictionary 

decide 

difEereut-ce 

difficult 

dignity 

/**  —  ~~^ 

diligence 

direct 

dependent 

disadvantage 

deposit            ^/ 

.  .  .    disappointment 

discover 

> 
discount 

discuss 

Sf 

disposal 

debt           ^ 

.  .    disproportionate 

dissatisfy 

distinct 

distinguish 

.  demurrage 

.  doctrine 

118 


~~J 


f 

MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 
_  dollar             _--^     .  .  .  . 

entire 

.  .  .  .doubt,   doubtful            ^^^'    .  .  .  . 

....          entitle 

draft           °     -  —  "  •  •  • 

,  eminent 

dravflfp                 /" 

.  .  .     especial-ly 

•                  duplicate             "^  —  =    •  •  • 

estimate 

.  .           every 

; 

•  •  •                 educate                         .  .  .  . 

,  evidence 

...        .      education                         .  .  .  . 

except 

.  .    exception 

enclos-ure                         .  .  .  . 

exchange 

encounter                         .  .  .  . 

exclaim 

end                         .  .  .  . 

excuse 

....         endictment                         • 

.  .    executor 

endorse                         .  .  .  . 

executors 

executrix 

exercise 

enormous                         • 

exhaust-ible 

enough                         .  .  .  . 

existence 

enroute            / 

expensive 

f 
enter           r- 

,.  exulain 

MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


f 

express            c—  x 

freight 

9 

extra           C-*—- 

frequent 

I             ... 

.  .  extraordinary            <^-5> 

friend-ly 

^ 

facts            <•> 

Friday 

4«  ... 

fail           4^      •• 

from  it 

; 
~— 

failure           .Jf 

fulfill 

/— 

familiar 

furnish 

J  - 

February 

future 

J^r~ 

financial 

gallon 

J—    ... 

firm             J- 

general 

J          ... 

first            ** 

......  generation 

I          ... 

f.  o.  b.            £ 

gentleman 

( 

'for             / 

gentlemen 

/ 

force            *^. 

genuine 

X-     ... 

.  .  .  .    foreclosure 

girl 

J^'  ....... 

for  it 

glad 

A-    ... 

form,   from 

•  •    glory 

^~      ... 

fortune          •"      ^ 

go,  good 

>^     ... 

forward          ^~—~^ 

God 

^      ... 

fraud          *?    ^  — 

gone 

b^ 

1 

< 

• 

MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


cr»" 


•iX* 


.     got                a-  -, 

ignorant-ce 

government          _^-^_p 

in  accordance 

gratitude 

inasmuch  as 

.  .    .           ground           __  t 

include 

guarantee          —  0 

inclusive 

.  sruiltv          _*^ 

indenture 

have            6 

independent 

have  it            ^>~-s 

indorse 

he             —  r? 

.  .    .    inexhaustible 

herein           —  ~) 

inferior 

hereinafter            ~~~7 

iniurv 

hereto            —  ~ 

in 

heretofore            -^ 

.   in  it 

herewith                5 

innocent 

hesitate               J 

insist 

hindrance              ~~~7 

inspect 

hitherto              —r 

instance 

how              —  T" 

instant    inst 

however            >•  —  ~i/^  • 

.  .  .  .  instantaneous 

.  hundred               —  r 

.    instead 

7 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


institute 

institution 

insurance 

.  .   intemperance 

intend 

interrupt 

.inquire,   inquiry 

invoice 

. . .  immediately 
. ..  important-ce 
. .  improvement 

improve  it 

imprudent 


is 


is  it 

.  January 
. . .  judge 
judgment 

July 

June 


121 


jury 

jurisdiction 
justify-able 

keep 

. .   language 

learn 

.  legislation 

.     legislator 

legislature 

. . . .    length 

let 

letter 

.  . . .  liberty 

like 

.    literature 
. .  litigation 

little 

local 

logic 

long 


122 

V 


MOSHER  SHORTHAXD. 


longer 

look 

loyalty 

. . .     magazine 

make 

....  majority 
.  manufacture 

March 

market 

....  material 
.  . .  materially 
. . .  .  maturity 

May 

measure-ment 

memorandum 

. .  memoranda 

.  merchandise 

merit 

Messrs. 

.   method 


middle 

miscellaneous 
. . . .  miserable 

misery 

.  .    misfortune 

Miss 

Mr. 

Mrs. 

mistake 

...  mo'derate 
.  moderation 
....  Monday 

more 

. .  mortgage 
.  mortgagee 
.  mortgagor 

most 

. .   movement 

much 

....     mutual 


•v 

MOSHEB  ! 

_^..' 

must 

—o          

name 

-•         

namely 

-*          

nature 

-€          

.  .  .   natural-ly 

—  ~      

neglect 

—           

new 

-7            

.  .    newspaper 

7      

never 

—  <•     

next 

-v     

north 

-t,    

No  sir 

^7         

....  November 

— 

number 

^           

object 

^        

oblige 

<iy  

.  .  .   obligation 

/  „. 

observe 

""7     

.  .  .  .    occasion 

^— 

o  'clock 

L 


7 


(T 


123 

.  occur 
October 

of 

.  0.  K. 
. .  omit 
...  one 


. .  operation 
. . .  operator 
. . . .  opinion 

opportunity 

order 

. . .  ordinary 
organ 

organization 
. .  . .  original 

other 

. .  otherwise 

out 

.  over 


particular 


124 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


9 


p        patience 

•£       payee 

^-->      peculiar 

O         percentage 

perfect 

per  foot 

permanent 

....     perpendicular 

person-al 

persecution 

pistol 

plaintiff 

please 

political 

popular 

poverty 

<-- — x    pratical 

practice 

pre-eminent 

prejudice 


c 


premium 

prepared 

pretty 

(^          principle-al 

(_£>          private 

privilege 

probable 

proceed 

proceeds 

proceedings 

proficient 

progress 

prominent 

property 

proportion 

prosecution 

prospects 

protect 

proud 

proof 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


125 


/ 

prove         ~-i> 

,  reciprocate 

/  - 

public         —--7 

,  refer-ence 

(  , 

....  publication          —-7 

refuse 

X  - 

punctual         —  •*"    "    . 

,  regret 

£    -; 

purpose 

remark 

/ 

put        ^-~^^ 

remember 

O    ... 

quantity 

remove 

^       ... 

quarter        —  -• 

remittance 

„_   ... 

railroad        »—  •  —  "*" 

remunerate 

*x^ 

railway        ^" 

replevin 

0      ... 

real,  regard         "—  ^ 

represent 

^      ... 

....   real  estate        —~-n> 

require-ment 

,_P       ... 

really         —  < 

resist 

—  c 

receive          —  f 

resistance 

^     ... 

recent         ^—  i 

resources 

^^.,. 

recognize          —  -f 

respect 

,  —  =,   ... 

.  .  .  .  .  recommend          ^-^ 

respectable 

—     ... 

recollect         *-? 

responsible 

—  /      •• 

.  .  .  .     recollection          —^ 

return 

record          .  —  7 

reverse 

MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


revolution                4_^ 

serious 

revolve                y 

serve-ice 

revolver              ^ 

settle 

revelation              J^~~  ~~  .  , 

,  settlement 

reward               V 

several 

ridiculous                / 

shall 

»  .  .  .    sacrifice               J 

r  shall  it 

satisfactory               i 

,  .  .            .        short 

satisfactorily               X 

should 

Saturday               ^ 

side 

says 

scarce            •*"     - 

signature 

search            ^  —  —  ' 

.  .   silence 

secure             °^ 

singular 

security              ^" 

situate-ed 

seldom 

situation 

send              / 

society 

sent             l  — 

some 

separate              ' 

sometime 

.  Seotemher             •*•  —  *^  • 

.  somewhat 

s 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


127 


....  sort 
. .  south 
. .  speak 
.  specific 
.  specify 
.  speech 
. .  spirit 
splendid 
. .  stand 
standard 
. . .  state 
. .  stock 

strange 
stranger 
strength 
. .  strike 
.  strictly 
.  strong 

struggle 
.  student 


4- 


*? 


substitute 
, . .  success 

successful 

successive 
.'....  such 
.  sufficient 
. .  suggest 
..  Sunday 
. .  surprise 
.  surround 

take 

.  telegram 
.  telegraph 
,  telephone 

temporary 

term 

.  territory 
. . .  testify 

testimony 
.  that 


G 


128 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


^\    ... 

thankful               /"G?    . 

typewriter 

>     ... 

the               V 

ultimo 

s       ... 

their,    there                ~? 

unavoidable 

^—  ... 

them 

under 

^    ... 

these             """"7^   • 

unfortunate 

^   ... 

thing,  think               ^ 

.  .  .  .United   States 

^  ... 

this               f-—j 

universe 

/r 

those              —  —  •»  . 

unless 

^ 

,  thousand              -5-  —   . 

unsecure 

\s 

,  .  .  .  .   throughout 

until 

^  ... 

time 

upon 

<  ... 

told               ^ 

upon  it 

^  .. 

told  it               / 

urgent 

x^.. 

tomorrow 

use 

x^ 

to-wit 

usual,  wish 

k> 

trial               3 

wish    it 

K    •• 

trust 

value 

*v  .. 

,    ,  .    trustworthy            c^—^/ 

valuation 

(, 

truth,  true             C-^ 

variety 

xs    .. 

Tuesday 

MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 


A    .. 


i- 


£> 


........    while 

. 

venture              <o    j> 

while  it 

ry 
it            ....  verdict              v  p    .    .  . 

will  do 

versus              f          ... 

with 

vice  versa              <n. 

withdraw 

vicinity               <n        .  .  .  . 

withdrew 

virtue               <j""x^ 

without 

want               .P—       .  .  .  . 

witness 

warrant                ^>-s~      .  .  .  . 

.  .  .     witnesseth 

was                -->-u--v.    .  .  .  . 

wonder 

wealth                 -^      .  .  .  . 

word,  we 

\\rednesday               "2  .  .  .  . 

worn 

week                 j       .  .  .  . 

worse 

well    will                 i^     .      . 

worth 

.  were                 .  . 

work 

were  it                  s^> 

...      .   world 

what                  / 

.  .     would 

....    ',  what  it                  ^ 

would    it 

wherefore                    & 

ves 

.   whether                    <z-    . 

.  .  ves  sir 

130  MOSHEK  SHOHTHAND. 


yesterday  then,  than 

yourself  **        very 


indeed  imagine 

L        industry  • — 7     imagination 

, >   .  rule 


The  following  word-signs  are  written  in  position: 

\s 


Under,   over,   enter,    herewith,   follow,   how,    it    would, 
extra,  color,  either,  thousand. 


CORRECTION:  On  pajre  Hi),  the  words  "friend"  and  'Friday"  are 
transposed.  On  pano  l''~.  in  the  word  "memorandum,"  the  letter  "o"  is 
partially  omitted. 


PHRASING. 


The  advantages  of  phrase-writing  are  not  measured  by 
the  number  of  phrases  used,  but  by  the  judicious  selection 
of  same,  and  the  ability  to  write  each  phrase  accurately 
and  rapidly. 

The  following  have  been  selected  as  practical  business 
phrases,  and  not  as  wonderful  phrase-building  curiosities. 
They  should  be  studied  from  day"  to  day  until  they  can 
be  written  and  read  with  ease  and  rapidity. 


1.  Dear  Sir,  Dear  Miss,   Dear  Madam,   your  favor,  your  es- 
teemed favor,   I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter,   I   am  in   receipt  of 
your  favor. 

2.  I   am  iu  receipt  of  your  esteemed   letter,   I  am  in   receipt 
of   your   esteemed    favor,    in    reply,    thanking    you,    and   oblige,    in 
receipt. 

3.  Will   receive,   our   best  attention,   yours   truly,   yours   very 
truly,  we  remain  yours  truly,  we   remain  yours  very   truly,   I  re- 
main yours  truly,  yours  respectfully. 

4.  Yours    very    respectfully,    very    respectfully,    very    respect- 
fully yours,  we  are  in   receipt  of  yom^s  of  the   12th  inst.   and   in 
reply  will   say. 


MOSHEK  SHORTHAND. 


1.  Your  question,   your   estimate,   your  telegram,   your  order, 
your  insurance,   your  catalogue,   your  business,   your  name",   your 
reply. 

2.  Your   message,    your    order   will    have,   your   money,    your 
life,  your  dwelling,  your  place,  have  your. 

3.  Will    your,    on    your,    leave    your,    ship   your,    order   your, 
judge  your,  with  your,   would  your,  did  your. 

4.  Haven't,  can't,  can  your,  is  your,  isn't,  wasn't,  was  your, 
in  your,   wouldn't,  didn't. 


1.  Why  had.  why  have,  as  quick  as  possible,  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, best  attention,  by  wire,  by  a,  great  while,  hope  this  will  be, 
was  there. 

2.  He  must    be,   I   shall   be,   more  or   less,   was   there   not,   I 
think  it  will  be,  we  could.  I  remember,  I  sent  you. 

3.  If  you  do  not.   we  could   not   have.   I   returned,   I   may   be 
able,  if  they,  is  at  hand,  in  this  manner,  it  must  be. 

4.  It  was  said,  f.  o.  b..  it  will  receive,  it  may  be.  I  am  sorry 
to  hear,  First  National  Bank,  at  all  times,  I  am  sure. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


133 


1.  Above   mentioned,   I   am  sorry,   describe  to   the  jury,   was 
there   anything,   direct    examination,    at    this   time,    with    this',    at 
an  early  date,  in  it. 

2.  A  few  days,   if  you  do,  a  long  time,   if  you  have,   in  the 
world,  I  had,  day  or  two  ago,  calling  your  attention. 

3.  I  had  been,  I  return,  car  load,  day  before  yesterday,  if  you 
do  not,  I  have  been  there,  a  dollar,  and  if  there  is. 

4.  A  hundred,   and  will   there   be,   all   of  my  attention,   hope 
you  are,  and  I  am,  anything  else,  all  may  be. 


1.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  will  there  be,  nothing  else,  all  matters, 
it  is  important. 

2.  Will  there  not  be,  give  there,  all  may  be  there,  just  now, 
will  there  be  anything. 

3.  Left  there,  got  there,  it  would  be,  and  have  their  money, 
just  mentioned,  and  live  there. 

4.  You  may  be,  it  would  have  been,  and  there,  and  let  there, 
you  may  be  able  to  see,  and  a. 


134  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Dear  Madam: — In  reply  to  your  esteemed  favor  of  the 
9th  inst.  will  say  that  your  property,  which  was  in  our 
hands,  has  been  soid,  and  your  money  is  now  on  deposit 
in  the  First  National  Bank,  where  it  awaits  your  order. 
I  think  it  will  be  well  for  you  to  write  them  at  an  early 
date  ana  make  arrangements  as  to  interest,  etc.  I  was 
there  a  few  days  ago,  and  I  am  sure  they  will  do  what  is 
fair,  though  of  course  there  is  more  or  less  risk  incurred. 

If  you  do  not  care  to  attend  to  it  yourself,  and  if  there 
is  anything  else  we  can  do  to  serve  you,  we  would  at  all 
times  be  pleased  to  do  so. 

I  hope  this  will  be  satisfactory,  and  that  all  may  be 
arranged  in  accordance  with  your  ivishes,  before  a  great 

while.  Very  respectfulliLynurs,  \ 

7t*uf-&-  ya?c^x/ 
Dear  Sir: — We  are  in  receipt  df  yours  of  the  12th  inst., 

and  in  reply  will  say  that  your  order  will  receive  our  best 
attention. 

Your  telegram  of  day  before  yesterd°ay  is  also  at  hand, 
and  we  will  ship  the  additional  goods  with  the  others  as 
quick  as  possible. 

\Yas  there  not  anything  else  that  we  could  add  in  order 
to  make  a  carload  shipment?  If  you  do  think  of  anything 
furtltcr,  let  us  know  by  wire,  and  I  may  be  able  to  include 
such  order,  as  it  will  be  a  few  days  yet  before  the  goods 
can  be  sent. 

Hoping  that  your  business  will  not  suffer  by  the  delay, 
and  thanking  you  for  your  favor,  we  remain, 
Yours  very  truly. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


1.  You  were,  you  may  be  sure,  I  want  to  see,  you  may  be  able 
to  have,   it  would  not  be,  year  or  two,  you  may   be  able  to  say, 
will  you  write. 

2.  You  want,  you  will  be  able,  whether  or  not,  it  would  have 
been,  we  won't,  year  or  two  ago,  where  do  you  reside,  you  may 
be  able  to  do. 

3.  You  want  to  have,  we  would  say,  I  want  to  go,  we  sent 
you,  will  write,  what  did  you  do,  were  there,  we  are  sure. 

4.  I  want,  you  may  be  able,  why  in,  I  want  to  say,  who  was 
there,  this  order,  we  will,  to  meet,  notary  public,  why  not. 


1.  On  account,  your  most,  we  will  say,  where  do  you  live,  I 
want  to  do,  will  be  able,  who  was  there,  to  me. 

2.  Ought  to  have  been,  pretty  well,  very  large,   left  hand,  so 
as  to  give,  they  would  have,  who  was  in  there,  tonight. 

3.  First  time,  two  or  three,  on  hand,  so  long,  they  will  not 
have,  very  much,  please  look,  ought  to  have  been  there,  that  will. 

4.  On  either  hand,   they  will  be  able,  our  prompt  attention, 
we  would   say.   they   will,   they  ought   to  be,   state  what  you  did, 
very  many,  so  far  as. 


136 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 


1.  We  want,  they  were,  they  are  well,  please  return,  you  may 
state  to  the  court,  some  time  ago,  they  will  have,  they  are. 

2.  Very  well,  please  state,  they  will  be,  you  may  state  to  the 
jury,   right   hand,   this  is   important,  they   will  not,  you  may   tell 
the  jury,  will  have  your  letter. 

3.  They  are  not,  this   may  be,  there  were,   this  may  be  im- 
portant,   know    all    men    by    these    presents,    I    trust    you    are,    I 
told  him. 

4.  I  hope"  you  will,  calling  your  attention  to  the  fact,  again 
and  again,  to  be  able,  House  of  Representatives,  gentlemen  of  the 
jury,  if  the  court  please,  it  is  impossible. 


1.     Just  about  to  state,  early   as  possible,  circumstantial  evi- 
dence, as  well  as,  if  you  can  go,  at  any  rate,  under  the  circum- 
stances, at  all  events,  circumstances  of  the  case. 
J"""_JJiirrrt  mrnminntinn,   I  don't,  I  don't  know,   I  don't  see,   I 
/jdbnYcare,  I  don'tfTTEe,  what  do,  what  do  you,  as  far  as. 
y       3.     What  did  he,  what  did   you,   what  did   you   do,  what   did 
/  he  tell,  what  did  he  tell  you,  what  did  he  say,  as  long  as,  as  near  as. 
4.     As  low  as,  as  good  as,  as  much  as,  sooner  or  later,  in  the 
(      matter. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


137 


1.  In  order  to  hear,  in  order  to  see,  in  order  to  sell,  during 
the  time,   during  this   time,   during   tfiat   lime,    in   regard   to    the 
matter. 

2.  I  would  like  to  have,  I  would  like  to  have  their,  in  order 
to   know,  and  if.   and   if   there,  could  have,   could   have   it,   could 
have  had.  * 1 

3.  Could   have   the,    could   have   a,    could    have    their,   if    he 
could   have,   if   he  could  have  had,  he  could  not,  he  could  not  tell. 

4.  You    could    not    tell,    I    could    not    tell,    little   more,    little 
more  than. 


1.  What  did  you  say,  "what  did  you  say  to  that,  will  he  be 
there,  by  return  mail,  when  there  is,  for  there  is,  what  there  is, 
if  there  is. 

2.  He  could   not   be,   he   could   not   be   there,   few   days   ago, 
when  it  is  not,  if  it  is  not,  would  not  be  able. 

3.  He   said,   I   said,   was   said,    it   was   said,   what   was   said, 
specific   recollection,   what   do  you   want,   your   attention,   my   at- 
tention, on  hand. 

4.  On  the  other  hand,  on  either  hand,  if  he  has,  if  it  has,  if  he 
had,  if  he  had  it,  if  he  had  had,  if  he  did. 


138  MOSHBR  SHORTHAND. 

/ 
Sometimes,  while  standing  on  a  street  corner,  waiting 

for  a  car,  one  can  hear  snatches  of  conversation,  which 
make  one  somewhat  curious  as  to  further  facts  in  the  case. 
For  instance,  the  following: 

"Well,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  it  is  important  that  all  mat- 
ters be  arranged  before  I  leave  home,  and  they  ought  to 
be  settled  today." 

"Yes,  sir,  I  know  it  would  have  been  better  if  we  had 
settled  them  a  year  or  two  ago,  but  this  is  the  first  time 
in  two  or  three  years  that  there  has  been  nothing  else  in 
the  way  of  my  doing  so.  Just  now  I  have  the  money  on 
hand  and  can  pay  the  note  as  well  as  not." 

''Will  there  be  anything  to  prevent  you  calling  at  my 
office  tonight?" 

"Will  there  not  be  time  in  the  morning?" 

"You  may  be  able  to  have  time,  by  starting  from  home 
early  enough  to  reach  me  before  train  time,  though  it 
would  have  been  better  to  have  come  tonight,  so  as  to  give 
us  time  to  discuss  it  fully,  as  it  is  important  that  we  un- 
derstand each  other." 

"You  may  be  sure  that  I  want  to  see  you  well  enough 
to  be  on  hand  early  in  the  morning,  but  I  can't  possibly 
come  sooner." 

"Very  well,  I  want  to  do  what  is  fair,  so  we  will  say  8 
o'clock  tomorrow  morning." 

"So  far  as  I  know,  that  will  suit  me  all  right." 

"Where  do  you  live,  now?" 

And  before  you  are  able  to  hear  the  reply,  your  car 
comes  along,  and  you  wonder  if  that  man  really  means 
to  keep  that  appointment,  and  pay  the  note,  or  whether 
they  will  be  able  to  settle  up  their  affairs,  after  all. 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 


139 


1.  Tell   what  you   did,   tell  the  jury,   you  may  tell   the  jury, 
you  may  tell  where  it,  you  may  tell  it,  third  class  rate,  party  of 
the  first  part,  party  of  the  second  part. 

2.  Every  day,  in  this  matter,  first-class,  you  can  not,  we  may 
be  able  to  do,  it  will  be  there. 

3.  I    would   be   pleased,    they   will   not   be,   they   will   not   be 
there,    they    will   not   have,    they   are   not,   they   are   in,    are   you 
willing,  we  have  drawn. 

4.  Some    time   ago,    that   may    be,    they    may   be,    there   was, 
give   this  matter. 


1.  On  the  contrary.   I  will  not  be  able,   you  should  not,   you 
will  claim,  our  claim,  will  you  look. 

2.  State  how  many,  state  how  much,  so  long  as,  can  you  get, 
could  you  get  there,  what  have  you  to  say. 

3.  We  would  not  be  willing,  give  you,  we  note  what  you  say, 
we  enclose,  we  will  try,  how  Icng  have  you  known  lum. 

4.  i»id  yon  live  there,  did  you  leave  there,  on  this  question. 


140 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


1.  If  he  did  tell,  if  he  didn't,  if  he  wouldn't,   if  he  could,  if 
you  would,  if  you  could  not,  if  you  want  it,  I  cannot  recollect. 

2.  I  will  ask  ^ou,  do  you  mean  to  state,  do  you  know  the 
plaintiff,  beyond  reasonable  doubt,  do  you  want  it  understood,  has 
there  not  been,  can  you  tell  there. 

3.  Can  you   tell   whether,   can   you   tell "  whether   there,   state 
whether  or  not,  do  you   live,   where  do  you   live,   you   may   state 
whether. 

4.  Went   there,    is    it   not   true,    is   it   not   a    fact,   when   did, 
when  would,  when  would  it,  when  it,  where  it,  tell  what  you. 


(L 

Dear  Sir: — I  am  in  receipt  of  your  esteemed  letter  of 
a  /ew  days  ago,  and  in  reply  will  say,  in  regard  to  the 
matter  of  which  you  speak,  that  it  is  impossible,  under 
the  circumstances,  /or  me  to  help  you  in  the  case  at  hand. 
I  am  very  sorry  to  say  that,  during  this  time,  I  shall 
be  engaged  on  another  case  which  I  don't  like  as  well  as 
the  one  you  mention.  //  there  is  anything  I  can  do  to 
help  you,  by  correspondence,  I  hope  you  will  let  me  know, 
/or  there  is  some  time  yet  before  the  House  of  Repre- 


v 

MOSHEK  SHORTHAND.  141 

sentatives  meets,  and,  until  that  time,  I  am  willing  to 
do  as  much  as  I  can  for  you.  I  will  refer  you  to  a  friend 
who  lives  in  your  city,  and  who  may  be  of  some  assist- 
ance to  you.  He  is  Hon.  James  Porter,  and  his  address 
is  217  N.  24th  St.  I  will  ask  you  to  call  on  him  as  soon 
as  possible  and  let  me  knoiu  by  return  mail  if  he  has  time 
to  aid  you  in  the  matter?  I  trust  you  will  win  your  case 
and  I  would  like  to  have:  information,  from  time  to  time 
as  to  yur  progress^.  I  may  be  able  to  come  down  in  a  few 
days,  and  if  it  is  not  too  latef,  you  may  state  the  circum- 
stances of  the  case  to  me,  and  I  will  advise  you,  as  near  as 
I  can,  as  to  what  I  think  would  be  best  for  you  to  do.  In 
case  I  am  unable  to  come,  plp&se  inform  me  as  to  the  fol- 

7  •  •      4 

lowing  points: 

Do  you  know  the  plaintiff,  personally?  Has  he  any  but 
circumstantial  evidence  to  prove  his  case?  What  did  he 
tell  your  friend  about  it,  and  what  did  you  say  to  that  at 
the  time,  when  you  heard  of  it  ?  What  do  you  want  done 
with  the  property?  Do  you  know,  beyond  a  reasonable 
doubt,  that  the  plaintiff  ivent  to  that  place  in  order  to 
hear  what  he  could,  and  state  whether  or  not  he  went  there 
often?  Can  you  tell  whether  there  are  any  other  inter- 
ested parties^When  did  you  first  hear  that  the  property 
had  been  sold r""  Is  it  not  true  that  you  had  once  owned 
the  land  yourself?  You  may  tell  where  it  is  located,  ex- 
actly. 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  as  early  as  possible,  I  remain, 
Yours  very  respectfully, 


LETTERS. 


Dear  Sir: — Herewith  I  return  correspondence  in  refer- 
ence  to  above  mentioned  claim,  and  in  answer  to  your  nota- 
tion on  next  attached,  will  say  that  this  claim  was  originally 
presented  at  Des  Moines,  amount  $18.25.  Same  was  inves- 
tigated, and  it  was  found  that  the  hay  was  in  a  damaged 
condition  when  loaded  at  your  station.  This  the  shipper 
acknowledged  two  or  three  times.  It  was  also  found  that 
there  was  considerable  snow  on  the  ground  when  the  hay 
was  pressed,  and  that  the  bales  were  piled  on  the  snow,  and 
when  loaded  in  the  car  the  tier  that  was  on  the  ground 
would,  of  course,  come  next  to  the  roof  of  the  car,  and  this 
was  the  portion  damaged  on  arrival  at  Des  Moines. 

Claimant  was  advised  that  we  would  not  entertain  his 
claim.  He  then  made  claim  for  $32.34  from  Ewing  on 
the  same  car.  This  is  a  very  unreasonable  move  on  his 
part.  His  new  claim  was  attached  to  the  old  one  and  no 
attention  paid  to  it,  as  he,  of  course,  knew  that  we  would 
not  entertain  a  claim  for  $32.34,  when  we  had  declined  a 
claim  for  $18.25.  You  can  say  to  him  that  claim  is  posi- 
tively declined,  returning  papers  to  me  for  file. 

Very  truly  yours, 
(225  words.) 


MOSI-IER  SHORTHAND. 


143 


_ 


3  z. 


32-. 


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144  MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 

Mr.  A.  TF.  Allen, 

Creston,  Iowa. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  have  yours  of  the  10th  inst.  We  have  sold  thousands 
of  these  harrows  all  over  the  country,  and  never  had  a 
complaint  of  any  kind;  hence  it  must  be  that  y.our  draw 
bars  are  'not 'right.  They  are  either  made  too  short  or  too 
long,  or  otherwise  there  is  something  wrong  with  the  hitch 
chains.  We  know  the  harrow  will  work  right  if  the  parts 
belonging  to  same  are  all  of  the  same  size  and  in  proper 
place.  Look  (143)  this  up  and  advise  me  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. 

In  reference  to  your  order  for  a  No.  25  jump  seat,  will 
say  we  are  short  on  No.  25  this  week,  but  expect  some 
within  a  few  days,  when  your  order  will  be  filled  promptly. 
We  have  a  good  stock  of  most  every  other  style  except  the 
No.  25  which  have  been  late  in  reaching  us.  We  will  rash 
them  through  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  price  on  a  Columbus  buggy  is  $57.50,  with  shafts, 
$60  with  pole.  We  have  had  a  first  class  run  on  the  Colum- 
bus buggy,  and  will  have  a  new  supply  from  the  factor;/ 
some  time  next  week,  when  we  shall  be  pleased  to  receive 
your  order  for  a  sample. 

Yours  truly, 

Mr.  C.  C.  Hughes,  Gen  I  Supt.,  'V^-~>^ 

Chicago,  Illinois. 
Dear  Sir: 

Herewith  I  hand  you  papers  in  claim  of  Barron  Bros., 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


145 


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146  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Lit*],-,  Wyo.,  for  $100.99,  on  accounLof  loss  of  one  case  of 
cigars  while  in  transit  from  Omaha. 

I  wish  to  call  your  special  attention  to  the  imperfect  re- 
port attached  from  Conductor  Wilson.  You  will  notice 
that  in  his  letter  of  April  27  lie  states  that  the  car  was 
opened  at  18,19,  83,  89.98, 101,  104  and  107,  and  set  out 
at  Casper.  Further  investigation  shows  that  the  same  was 
also  opened  at  76,  Whitney.  Of  this  he  has  no  record. 
In  his  letter  of  May  16  he  states  that  the  car  left  Chadron 
with  Omaha  (2240)  seals,  all  doors,  which  agrees  with  the 
report  of  agent  at  Omaha,  and  is,  without  doubt,  correct,  as 
car  was  not  at  our  Chadron  depot. 

X of in'th standing  his  record  is  22  (147)  out,  lie  states 
that  car  must  have  been  entered  and  resettled  before  leav- 
ing Chadron,  and  also  that  he  is  sure  the  goods  were  not  in 
the  car  when  leaving  that  point.  This  would  indicate  that  he 
puts  but  very  little  dependence  on  his  seal  record.  He  is 
unable  to  say  what  seals  were  broken  at  Harrison  and  Whit- 
ney. The  records  at  both  of  these  points  show  that  73 
seals  were  broken,  notwithstanding  the  depots  are  all  on 
the  same  side  of  the  track,  which  would  make  this  impos- 
sible unless  the  car  was  opened  between  Harrison  and 
Wliifney  and  resealed  with  73  seals. 

This  careless  manner  of  keeping  seal  records  will,  if  con- 
tinued, result  in  a  serious  loss  to  the  company,  and  steps 
should  be  taken  at  once  to  see  that  conductors  pay  more 
attention  to  their  records.  This  for  your  information. 

Please  return  papers  when  through   with   them    to   en- 


KOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


147 


148  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

able  me  to  make  voucher  in  settlement  of  this  claim,  as 
you  will  see  there  is  no  way  out  of  it  for  us. 

Yours  very  truly, 


Mr.  Harry  W.  Peters, 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 
Dear  Sir: 

Since  writing  you  last  concerning  the  markets,  we  have 
had  a  break  in  prices  for  both  cattle  and  hogs,  caused  en- 
tirely by  the  increased  receipts  at  all  points,  and  not  be- 
cause of  a  falling  off  in  the  demand,  for  that  continues 
good. 

The  best  heavy  cattle  are  selling  nearly  as  well  as  they 
have  at  any  time  lately,  but  all  other  kinds,  including 
butcher's  stuff,  are  from  15c.  to  25c  lower  than  a  week  ago. 

There  are  a  great  many  cattle  feeding  on  the  grass  this 
summer,  and  this  being  the  case,  (l*o)  it  is  more  than 
likely  that  we  have  already  seen  our  best  prices  for  this 
season.  Stackers  and  feeders  are  selling  fully  a  quarter 
lower  than  ten  days  ago. 

The  receipts  of  hogs  have  been  heavy,  and  would  indicate 
that  the  supply  is  inexhaustible,  but  we  predict  that  from 
this  on  they  will  be  lighter. 

If  at  any  time  we  can  be  of  any  service  to  you,  write  us, 
and  if  in  our  power  will  gladly  render  it. 

\' >' >'ij  truly  yours, 

('112  words.) 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


149 


V 


150  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Mr.  J.  C.  White, 

Denver,  Colo. 
Dear  Sir:  — 

Mr.  A.  8.  Green,  who  is  insured  under  policy  No. 
255,168,  American  Insurance  Co.,  of  New  York,  has  been 
to  our  office  two  or  three  times  relative  to  the  transfer  of 
the  insurance  on  his  house/told  goods  to  a  new  location. 
As  you  will  notice  by  the  policy,  it  covers  $3,500.00  on 
dwelling  and  $2500.00  on  the  household  good*.  Mr. 
Green  sold  his  house  some  time  ago,  and  consequently  had 
to  move.  There  was  a  loss  clause  on  the  policy  payable  to 
the  Colorado  Investment  Co.  It  was  supposed  that  this 
company  held  the  policy,  but  they  are  unable  to  find  it, 
and  now  Mr.  Green  wants  his  goods  transferred.  We  do 
not  see  how  we  can  do  that  very  well  under  the  circum- 
stances, and  we  would  like  to  have  you  advise  us  what  can 
be  done  to  help  Mr.  Green  to  the  amount  of  $2500.00  on 
his  household  goods  to  the  expiration  of  his  policy,  which 
is  October  4,  1900.  Mr.  Green  says  he  will  take  out  a 
new  policy  and  pay  for  it,  and  the  only  thing  thai  will 
satisfy  him  is  to  transfer  his  goods  without  any  extra  cost. 

Kindly  advise  us  by  return  mail  what  we  can  do  for  him, 
and  oblige,  Yours  very  truly, 

(208  words.) 


Mr.  J.  C.  Howe, 

Chilicothe,  Ohio. 

Dear  Sir:  —  We  liare  tin's  day  written  $2500.00  in  the 
Rochester  German,  and  $3500.00  in  the  Lancashire  Insur- 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


151 


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152  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

ance  Co.,  on  the  new  Grand  Island  hotel,  in  the  name  of 
Thomas  G.  Jenkins,  contractor,  rate  being  ll/2%-  This 
hotel  is  completed,  but  has  not  yet  a  tenant,  but  will  proba- 
bly have  one  within  a  few  days.  Mr.  Jenkins  is  a  Grand 
Island  man  and  did  the  carpenter  work  on  this  building. 
He  has  not  yet  received  his  money  for  the  work,  and  wants 
his  interests  to  the  amount  of  $6000.00  protected  by  insur- 
ance, so  we  have  written  up  policies  as  above  stated. 

The  hotel  lies  on  a  corner  and  is  modern  in  every  respect, 
and  as  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  find  out  the  moral 
hazard  is  all  right.  The  citizens  of  this  place  gave 
$12,000.00  towards  the  erection  of  the  building. 

Mr.  Jenkins'  interests  are  protected  by  a  lien  which 
he  is  foreclosing.  The  man  who  built  the  hotel  ran  short 
of  funds  before  the  building  was  complete,  and  this  is  the 
reason  why  this  man  is  not  paid.  The  Grand  Island  Na- 
tional Bank  holds  first  mortgage  on  the  property,  and 
there  is  an  effort  being  made  now  to  make  a  new  loan  and 
pay  off  all  claims  which  may  be  against  the  buildim/.  ll> 
think  that  this  risk  is  all  right  and  thai  you  will  approve 
of  the  same.  These  policies  may  be 'in  force  several 
months,  or  they  may  be  cancelled  within  a  short  time.  The 
bank  has  it  in  charge  and  is  looking  after  it. 

Yours  very  truh/, 


New  York,  Feb.  24, 
P.  S.  Bedell. 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Dear  Sir: — We  have  yours  of  the  23d  instant,  and  in 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  153 


reply  have  to  say  we  will  send  you  the  lightning  slips  and 
pocket  charts  as  you  desired. 

We  note  what  you  say  touching  the  attempts  you  are 
mailing  to  increase  our  business  at  your  agency;  and,  in 
this  connection,  we  would  beg  to  call  your  attention  to  the 
matter  of  sub-agents.  Our  experience  has  shown  that 
great  care  must  be  exercised  in  accepting  risks  from  this 
source,  as  the  relation  of  a  sub-agent  is  somewhat  different 
from  the  representative  acting  directly  with  the  Company. 
Please,  therefore,  use  the  greatest  care,  and  only  accept 
such  for  us  as  you  know  to  be  all  right  in  every  particular. 

In  regard  to  Mr.  Atwood,  we  have  to  say  he  has  not  been 
in  our  employ  for  'more  than  a  year.  Our  Mr.  Smith  will 
visit  you  one  of  these  days,  we  hope,  whom  you  will  find  to 
be  a  gentleman  in  every  way  worthy  of  the  position  which 
he  occupies. 

As  regards  the  matter  of  commission,  it  would  be  im- 
possible for  us  to  increase  the  compensation  we  are  now 
paying,  as  we  are  paying  you  as  much  as  any  of  our  other 
representatives  receive.  None  of  the  leading  companies 
that  we  know  of  are  paying  more  than  25  per  cent,  and  cer- 
tainly none  can  afford  to  pay  more. 

We  note  with  interest  and  satisfaction  that  our  business 
at  your  agency  materially  increased  during  the  year  past, 
for  which  accept  our  thanks.  We  should  be  glad  to  re- 
ceive a  call  from  you  at  the  office  whenever  you  are  in  the 
city.  Very  truly  yours, 


j^f*-^ 

Deputy 


154  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  April  29,  1SS6. 
Mr.  J.  H.  Kemble, 

Saugerties,  N.  Y. 

Dear  Sir: — Yours  of  28th  at  hand  and  contents  noted. 

The  quality  of  midlings  varies  from  time  to  time,  but 
not  enough,  as  you  say,  to  make  any  particular  difference 
in  the  value  of  them.  Note  what  you  say  about  price. 
The  price  our  agent  gave  you  was  the  price  at  which  he  sold 
several  cars  on  that  trip,  and  was  the  price  which  we  gave 
him  when  he  started.  When  we  wrote  you  on  the  12th  the 
price  had  declined  materially.  We  propose  to  deal  squarely 
with  you  always.  Our  commission  on  this  car  was  a  small 
one;  but,  under  the  circumstances,  you  may  deduct  50  cts. 
per  ton  from  your  invoice,  as  the  shipment  was  delayed 
somewhat  by  the  mill.  Your  car  of  oats  is  probably 
shipped  before  this,  but  we  have  no  invoice  as  yet;  it  ought 
to  reach  you  in  short  time.  If  you  want  200  bu.  will  ship 
them  from  here  at  42-2  cts.  on  board.  It  costs  6  cts.  per 
hundred  freight,  or  about  2  cts.  per  bushel,  making  them 
cost  you  44-^  cts.  there.  If  you  need  any,  let  us  know  and 
we  will  send  them  along.  As  there  is  more  or  less  delay  in 
delivering  cars,  it  would  be  well  for  you  to  anticipate  your 
wants  a  little  and  have  a  car  started  about  a  week  or  two 
before  you  go  out. 

Yours  truly, 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  155 

New  York,  June  30,  1886. 
rs.  II .  D.  Form nn  &  Go., 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Dear  Sirs: — We  leg  to  advise  that  we  have  to-day 
shipped  you  by  express,  prepaid,  2  one-gallon  cans  of  oil, 
to  match,  respectively,  the  samples  of  the  "Star"  and  the 
sample  marked  "No.  9,"  sent  us  some  time  since*  The 
latter,  we  understand,  is  a  locomotive  valve  oil.  The  other 
sample  you  sent  us  was  broken  in  transit,  and.  arrived  here 
empty. 

We  must  apologize  for  the  great  delay  in  making  these 
sendings,  and  can  only  assign  as  a  reason  that  the  writer 
has  been  very  greatly  strained  during  the  last  two  months, 
owing  to  the  absence  of  our  Mr.  Joyce  by  reason  of  sick- 
ness, and  has  had  to  neglect  various  duties  other  than  those 
of  a  routine  nature. 

The  sample  of  oil  to  match  the  "Star"  we  think  you  will 
find  up  to  your  requirements  in  every  respect.  We  manu- 
facture it  very  largely  in  competition  with  the  brand  men- 
tioned, and  in  every  case  it  gives  perfect  satisfaction,  and 
is  considered  a  superior  lubricator. 

The  sample  of  locomotive  valve  oil  sent  us  was  so  small 
that  we  were  not  able  to  analyze  it  as  successfully  as  if  it 
had  been  larger.  However,  we  think  you  will  -find  that 
it  will  answer  the  various  requirements. 

Trusting  to  be  favored  with  your  orders,  we  are, 
Yours  respectfully, 


15G  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  March  lo,  1800. 
Mr.  August  Bragg, 

Gothenburg,  Dawson  Co.,  Neb. 

Dear  Sir: — Replying  to  your  favor  of  the  12th  inst.,  will 
say  that  I  am  pleased  to  note  you  have  had  such  excellent 
success  with  the  engine  we  sold  you  a  few  days  ago.  I  am 
satisfied  you  have  now  found  in  the  engine  just  what  I  told 
you  you  would  before  you  purchased  it.  It  is  made  of  the 
best  iron  and  steel  throughout,  is  compactly  built,  and  will 
last  many  years  for  all  the  work  you  see  ft  to  do,  either  in 
thrashing  or  corn  shelling. 

The  Traction  Attachment  is  the  simplest  and  most  dur- 
able (and  economical  as  to  repairs)  of  any  engine  now 
made. 

You,  of  course,  have  noticed  that  we  have  springs  on  our 
front  axle  which  make  it  very  easy  on  the  engine  when 
going  over  stony  or  hilly  roads.  This  improvement  mo*t 
engines  do  not  have.  Many  engines  have  simply  a  c<i*l 
iron  spindle  for  the  wheel,  spurred  on  to  the  side  of  the 
boiler,  while  we  have  a  heavy  steel  axle,  which  is  a  perma- 
nent improvement. 

I  certainly  would  be  pleased  to  take  your  order  for  the 
Separator,  which  you  mention  in  your  letter,  but  possibly 
the  size  you  state  is  a  little  larger  than  what  you  will  really 
need  in  your  locality.  I  would  suggest  lo  you  the  same  as 
I  do  to  all  other  purchasers,  that  the  32-inch  cylinder  by 
42-inch  Separator,  is  the  size  you  want.  Of  course  you 
can  have  your  choice  as  to  " Globe"  or  "Dixie"  style  of  Sep- 
orfifor,  but  I  would  advise  you  to  take  the  "Globe"  machine 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  157 

as  it  has  many  improvements  over  any  other  style  of 
thrasher  built.  Considering,  of  course,  the  quality  of  the 
material  we  put  into  the  machine  and  the  improvements 
thereon,  I  think  you  are  getting  a  bargain. 

You  will  notice  that  the  axles  of  our  separator  are  steel 
and  the  wheels  are  of  iron,  while  other  makes  have  wooden 
axles,  and  many  other  manufacturers  have  wooden  wheels. 
Our  Pitmans  are  all  iron,  and  we  have  two  each  for  both 
the  lower  and  upper  shaker.  Our  cylinder  is  twelve  bars 
instead  of  nine  bars,  making  it  very  heavy,  so  that  the 
motion  is  steady  and  easy. 

With  this  general  explanation  as  to  the  style  of  the  ma- 
chine, I  am  satisfied  you  can  see  we  are  giving  you  "value 
received"  for  the  price  I  asked  in  my  former  letter,  and 
that  you  will  think  it  is  low. 

I  enclose  you  herewith  a  blank  order,  and  should  you 
conclude  to  make  the  purchase,  have  the  kindness  to  sign 
your  name  on  the  front  page,  and  also  fill  the  Property 
Statement  on  the  second  page,  and  I  will  make  shipment 
to  you  immediately.  I  will  send  a  man  there  to  put  in 
operation  the  thrasher  and  make  settlement  for  same. 

Thanking  you  again  for  the  splendid  send-off  you  have 
given  our  "Eureka"  coal  burner  engine,  I  remain, 
Yours  very  truly, 

Western  Manager. 


158  MOSIIEH  SHORTHAND. 

TESTIMONY.  <>6o) 

Q.  You  may  state  your  name. 

A.  Benton  N.  Green. 

Q.  Where  do  you  live? 

A.  Omaha,  Nebraska. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  lived  there? 

A.  A  little  more  than  twelve  years. 

Q.  Where  do  you  work? 

A.  For  the  U.  P.  Kailroad  Co. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  been  there? 

A.  I  don't  know  exactly. 

Q.  About  how  long  as  near  as  you  can  tell? 

A.  About  seven  years. 

Q.  Are  you  the  husband  of  Margaret  Green,  one  of  the 
plaintiffs  in  this  suit? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Do  you  know  at  what  time  this  accident  occurred? 

A.  It  was  in  June. 

Q.  Of  what  year  ? 

A.  1900. 

Q.  What  day  of  the  month? 

A.  The  17th. 

Q.  What  time  of  day  ? 

A.  About  half  past  four  in  the  afternoon. 

Q.  State  whether  or  not  you  were  present  at  the  tune 
this  accident  occurred  ? 

A. '  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Where  do  you  reside? 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  159 

A.     2409  Xprth  37th. Street. 

Q.     How  long  have  you  lived  there  ? 

A.     About  three  months. 

Q.     Where  did  you  live  at  the  time  of  the  accident  ? 

A.     I  lived  on  Fort  Street  near  the  tracks. 

Q.     At  what  number  ? 

A.     344. 

Q.  You  may  tell  the  jury  whether  or  not  it  is  true  that 
you  were  actually  present  at  the  time  of  this  accident? 

A.     I  was  there  a  few  minutes  after  it  occurred. 

Q.  Is  it  not  a  fact  that  it  was  more  than  half  an  hour 
after  the  accident  before  you  got  there? 

A.     No,  sir ;  it  is  not. 

Q.  As  a  matter  of  fact  it  was  nearly  a  half  hour  before 
you  got  there  ? 

A.     No,  sir;  it  was  not. 

Q.     I  will  ask  you  to  tell  the  jury  just  how  long  it  was. 

A.     I  don't  know  exactly  how  long  it  was. 

Q.     Well,  state  as  near  as  you  can. 

A.     I  should  say  it  was  about  five  minutes. 

Q.     Who  was  the  first  man  you  saw  after  you  got  there? 

A.     The  foreman. 

Q.     What  did  he  say  to  you? 

A.  He  said  there  had  been  an  accident  and  that  I  had 
better  go  back  and  flag  the  freight  train  which  was  due  in 
ten  minutes.  He  said  it  was  important  that  a  man  should 
go,  who  knew  how  to  stop  the  train.  I  told  him  it  would 
bo  impossible  for  me  to  get  back  there  in  time  and  that  he 


160 


MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  161 

had  better  go  himself.  He  said  for  me  to  go  back  to  the 
section  house  and  get  a  flag. 

Q.  •  How  were  you  standing  at  the  time  ? 

A.  I  was  standing  on  the  track  and  the  foreman  was 
standing  on  the  east  side  of  it. 

Q.     How  close  were  you  to  the  train  at  the  time  ? 

A.     I  don't  know  (ie3>  exactly.    Maybe  seventy  yards. 

Q.  When  did  you  first  hear  the  noise,  where  you  were 
standing,  could  you  hear  the  noise? 

A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.     State  what  time  it  was  as  near  as  you  can  recollect? 

A.     It  was  about  half  past  four. 

Q.     Where  were  you  at  the  time?    . 

A.     I  was  between  my  house  and  the  depot. 

Q.  Can  you  state  just  where  you  were  at  the  time  you 
first  heard  the  noise  ? 

A.     I  don't  know  just  where  I  was. 

Q.  What  is  your 'best  recollection?  (Objected  to  as 
incompetent,  irrelevant  and  immaterial  and  not  the  best 
evidence.  Sustained.  Defendant  excepts.) 

Q.  You  may  state  just  what  was  said  to  you  at  that 
time. 

A.  The  foreman  said  there  was  an  accident.  He  said 
the  train  had  run  off  the  track  and  that  two  or  three  cars 
had  turned  over. 

Q.  How  far  were  you  from  the  train  when  you  met  the 
foreman  ? 

A.     I  don't  know. 


162  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Q.  About  how  far?  (Objected  to  as  incompetent  and 
irrelevant.  Sustained.  Defendant  excepts.) 

Q.     How  many  cars  did  you  say  were  turned  over? 

A.     Two  or  three. 

Q.     How  far  were  they  lying  from  the  track  ? 

A.     I  can't  say.     Some  were  further  away  than  others. 

Q.     How  near  was  the  nearest  car  to  the  track? 

A.  About  ten  feet.  That  is,  the  embankment  was 
about  ten  feet. 

(Plaintiff  offers  in  evidence  Exhibit  1,  and  the 
first  two  pages  of  Exhibit  2.  Defendant  objects  to 
the  introduction  of  Exhibit  2  for  the  reason  that  the 
plaintiff  only  offers  a  portion  of  it  and  not  the  whole  of 
said  Exhibit,  and  for  the  further  reason  that  it  is  incom- 
petent, irrelevant  and  immaterial.  Overruled.  Defend- 
ant excepts.) 

CROSS-EXAMINATIOX. 

Q.  You  stated  your  name  is  Benton  X.  Green  ? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Do  you  know  the  plaintiff  in  this  case? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  known  him  ? 

A.  A  little  more  than  two  years. 

Q.  Have  you  ever  had  any  business  transactions  with 
him? 

A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  When  did  you  have  the  first  conversation  with  him 
that  you  spoke  of  in  your  direct  examination  ? 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


163 


C7 — o 


jr 


164  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

A.     About  two  months  ago. 

Q.  During  that  conversation  did  he  say  anything  to 
you  about  his  injury? 

A.     He  said  he  was  getting  better.   (ies) 

(Objected  to  as  not  responsive  to  the  question.  Sus- 
tained.) 

Q.  You  will  note  that  my  question  can  be  answered  by 
yes  or  no.  What's  your  answer? 

A.     My  answer  is  yes. 

Q.  Well,  you  may  state  to  the  court  and  jury  just  what 
he  said  to  you. 

A.     I  don't  remember  the  whole  conversation. 

Q.     Well  state  what  you  recollect  of  it. 

A.  He  said  he  was  getting  better  and  I  said  that  I  was 
glad  to  hear  it.  He  said  he  thought  he  would  be  able  to 
go  to  work  in  a  few  da  vs. 

Q.     Is  this  plaintiff,  George  Porter,  any  relation  to  you  ? 

A.     No,  sir. 

Q.  What  relation,  if  any,  is  Margaret  Green,  the  other 
plaintiff,  to  you? 

A.     She  is  my  wife. 

Q.     How  long  have  you  been  married  ? 

A.     About  seven  years. 

Q.     What  did  you  state  is  your  business? 

A.     Carpenter. 

Q.     Where  do  you  work  ? 

A.     For  the  U.  P.  Eailroad  Co. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


165 


166  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

RE-CROSS  EXAMINATION.  (1Q8) 

Q.  Did  you  swear  in  your  direct  examination  that  he 
shipped  you  goods  during  this  time? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  He  was  not  there  all  the  time,  was  he? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  he  ship  your  goods? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  he  ship  you  wheat  at  that  time? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  were  in  there,  were  you  ? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Whose  goods  did  you  say  they  were?  Were  they 
Brown  &  Smith's,  or  were  they  Davis's? 

A.  They  were  his  goods. 

Q.  How  do  you  know  they  were  not  their  goods? 

A.  I  said  their  goods  were  not  there  at  all. 

Q.  How  do  you  know  his  goods  were  in  there  and  their 

goods  were  not  there? 

A.  I  was  there  and  saw  what  was  there. 

Q.  But  he  shipped  you  coal? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  He  shipped  you  wheat? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  at  the  same  time  he  shipped  your  cattle? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  He  bought  the  cattle  for  you  ? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  167 

Q.  Did  you  send  him  money  for  the  cattle  ? 

A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Why  didn't  you  send  him  money? 

A.  It  would  not  be  there  in  time ;  it  would  have  to  get 

there  before  the  16th  of  the  month. 

Q.  When  he  was  there  buying  this  grain,  he  was  paying 
your  money  for  it? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  he  pay  you  money  for  the  cattle  ? 

A.  He  did  some. 

Q.  Where  did  you  say  these  goods  were  ? 

A.  I  said  they  were  stored  in  the  barn. 

Q.  Were  they  in  there  all  the  time? 

A.  They  were  not  there  all  the  time. 

Q.  How  do  you  know  they  were  not? 

A.  I  saw  thorn. 

Q.  Did  you  live  there  all  the  time? 

A.  I  was  there  most  of  the  time. 

Q.  Did  you  leave  there  in  March  ? 

A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  live  there  in  March,  1892  ? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Didn't  you  tell  Mr.  Smith  that  you  lived  there  in 

April,  May,  June  and  July? 

A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  leave  there  in  April? 

A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  live  there  in  May? 

A.  No,  sir. 


168 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


O — 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  169 

Q.     When  did  you  leave  there? 

A.     I  left  there  the  latter  part  of  May. 

Q.     Didn't  you  live  there  before  this  altercation  took 
place  ? 

A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.     Well,  can  you  tell  the  jury  the  exact  time  you 
left  there? 

A.     I  left  there  some  time  in  May.     I  don't  know  tho 
exact  time. 

Q.     Didn't  you  tell  Mr.  Jones  you  lived  there  in  June? 

A.     No,  sir. 

Q.     Didn't  you  live  there  at  that  place  in  July,  or  did 
you  leave  there  at  that  time;(l71)did  you  live  there  in  July? 

A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.     Then  you  didn't  live  there  in  May? 

A.     That  was  the  first  time. 

Q.     Did  you  live  there  more  than  once? 

A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.     When  was  the  second  time  you  lived  there  ? 

A.     I  lived  there  in  July. 

Q.     When  did  you  leave  there  the  second  time? 

A.     The  29th  of  July. 

Q.     Now,  going  back  a  little,  you  may  tell  the  jury 
where  you  were  standing  when  Smith  came  in. 

A.     I  was  standing  behind  a  bureau. 

Q.     Were  you  in  behind  a  bureau  during  the  whole  time  ? 

A.     I  was  in  behind  a  bureau  part  of  the  time  and  stand- 
ing by  a  door  the  rest  of  the  time. 

Q.     Did  you  see  Mr.  Smith  follow  Mr.  Jones? 


170  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  saw  Smith  following  Jones? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  saw  Jones  strike  Smith? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  see  Smith  fall? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  How  far  did  Smith  fall  ? 

A.  About  ten  feet. 

Q.  Did  you  see  Smith  following? 

A.  I  think  so. 

Q.  How  could  you  see  him  if  you  were  behind  a  bureau  ? 

A.  I  was  not  there  all  the  time.  I  was  standing  by 
a  door  some  of  the  time. 

Q.  Were  you  behind  a  door? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now,  I  want  to  get  this  matter  straight.  Were  you 
by  a  door  or  were  you  behind  a  bureau,  or  were  you  stand- 
ing behind  a  door,  when  Smith  struck  Jones  ? 

A.  I  was  not  behind  the  door. 

Q.  Didn't  you  swear  you  were  behind  the  door? 

A.  I  swore  I  was  behind  a  bureau  and  standing  by  a 

door.  1  was  not  behind  the  door. 

Q.     Are  you  sure  about  that? 
A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.     You  were  in  behind  a  bureau? 
A.     I  was  in  behind  the  bureau  when  Jones  was  follow- 
ing Smitb. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


171 


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172  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

CHARGE  TO  JURY.         <"»> 

Gentlemen  of  the  Jury :  The  prisoner  at  the  bar  was  in- 
dicted by  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  City  and  County  of  San 
Francisco,  and  thereby  charged  with  being  guilty  of  the 
crime  of  murder,  in  the  unlawful  killing,  with  malice  afore- 
thought, of  James  Alexander,  on  the  3d  of  Xovember  of 
last  year,  by  shooting  him,  through  the  agency  of  a  pistol 
loaded  and  charged  with  powder  and  leaden  ball.  The  in- 
dictment contains  two  counts:  one  charging  the  murder 
to  have  been  committed  in  the  City  and  County  of  San 
Francisco,  and  the  other  that  the  alleged  murder  was  com- 
mitted on  board  of  the  steam  ferryboat  El  Capitan,  while 
that  vessel  was  navigating  the  waters  of  the  Bay  of  San 
Francisco,  in  the\ferry  service,  from  a  point  in  Alameda 
County,  known  as  Oakland  Wharf,  to  the  ferry  landing 
on  Davis  Street,  in  this  city  and  county.  -\To  this  indict- 
ment the  prisoner  has  pleaded  not  guilty,  and  you,  gentle- 
men, under  your  oaths  and  the  instructions  of  the  Court  as 
to  the  law,  are  called  upon  as  jurors,  from  the  evidence,  to 
decide  by  your  verdict  as  to  her  guilt  or  innocence  of  the 
crime  charged  against  her.  You,  gentlemen,  no  doubt  ap- 
preciate the  magnitude  of  the  duty  you  are  called  upon  to 
perform — the  most  important  of  any  that  falls  within  the 
province  of  jurors;  important  not  only  to  the  prisoner,  but, 
if  she  be  guilty,  to  the  protection,  safety,  and  well-being 
of  society.  To  the  Legislature,  under  the  Constitution,  is 
delegated  the  power  to  enact  laws  denning  crimes,  and  pre- 
scribing punishments  to  be  inflicted  upon  those  who  shall 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


173 


174 


MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 


be  found  guilty.  Whatever  may  be  the  views  of  any  or  all 
of  us  upon  the  subject  of  the  punishment  that  has  been 
or  may  be  fixed  by  law  as  a  penalty  for  the  commission  of 
any  crime,  we  are  not  responsible (178)  for  the  law ;  but  it  i< 
our  duty,  under  the  circumstances,  to  carry  the  law  into 
effect,  and  to  administer  it  truly  and  fairly,  f  It  is  the  duty 
of  the  Court  to  state  the  law  applicable  to  the  case  on  trial, 
and  to  the  facts  and  circumstances  developed  by  the  evi- 
dence; to  decide  what  shall  not  be  admitted  as  legal  and 
competent  evidence,  and,  generally,  to  regulate  the  con- 
duct of  the  trial. <\  It  is  the  duty  of  the  jury  to  take  such 
evidence  into  consideration ;  to  weigh  it  carefully ;  to  apply 
their  best  judgment  to  the  discovery  of  the  truth,  and,  by 
their  verdict,  to  declare  it,  without  regard  to  the  sex  or 
social  position  of  the  party  accused.  The  law  in  its  policy 
makes  no  distinction  between  the  murderess  and  the  mur- 
derer;— they  are  alike  amenable;  and  we  should  not  con- 
travene its  design  by  such  distinction,  whereby  the  guilty 
may  escape  the  punishment  provided  by  law;  while 
courts  and  jurors  perform  their  respective  duties,  \the 
law  will  be  properly  administered,  and  all  within  human 
power  will  be  done  for  the  detection  and  punishment  of 
the  guilty  and  for  the  security  and  protection  of  the  inno- 
cent. In  the  language  of  an  eminent  jurist,  We  are  not 
here  to  administer  sympathy,  but  to  execute  justice;  to 
carry  into  effect  the  laws  of  the  land;  to  enforce  its  solemn 
mandates;  and  not  to  nullify  or  relax  its  "positive  com- 
mands by  misplaced  sympathy  or  morbid  clemency. 
To  convict  any  person  of  a  crime  under  our  laws,  it 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


175 


should  appear  from  the  evidence  that  there  was  a  union 
or  joint  operation  of  act,  or  intention,  or  negligence.  In- 
tention is  manifested  by  the  circumstances  connected  with 
the  perpetration  of  the  offense,  and  the  sound  mind  and 
discretion  of  the  person  accused. 


176 


MOSHER  SHOETHAND. 


cT 

MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  177 

WRITING  EXERCISE. 
LIFE  IS  A  BATTLE— WOE  TO  THE  COWAED. 

One's  ability  for  success  in  life  is  measured  by  his 
strength  in  overcoming  obstacles.  What  would  vanquish 
one  person  would  be  a  mere  trifle  to  another,  but  every  ob- 
stacle overcome  adds  strength  to  one's  capacities.  *•  Too 
many  are  like  the  young  man  who  had  always  lived  in  a 
city  and  who  invested  in  a  farm,  never  doubting  for  a  mo- 
ment his  ability  to  become  a  first  class  farmer.  He  was  a 
bright,  enthusiastic  young  fellow  and  had  acquired  what  he 
thought  was  a  genuine  love  of  rural  life,  but  he  did  not 
take  into  consideration  that  experience  is  a  wonderfully 
large  factor  in  the  profession  of  farming.  Of  course  he 
was  not  expecting  any  difficulties,  trials  nor  tribulations 
that  he  could  not  easily  vanquish — to  tell  the  trulji,  he 
could  see  nothing  but  the  brightest  of  prospects.  But  in 
time  he  found  that  theoretical  and  practical  farming  were 
two  different  things.  The  frost  took  its  own  time  to  leave 
the  soil  in  shape  for  plowing  and  seeding,  the  rain  came 
at  the  wrong  time,  he  met  disappointment  and  discourage- 
ment at  every  turn.  He  found  that  even  the  plowing  of  a 
straight  furrow  involved  the  principles  of  experience  and 
practice,  and  theory  did  not  seem  to  enter  into  the  problem. 
But  he  persevered,  patiently  and  persistently  overcoming 
these  little  difficulties  and  making  the  best  of  what  was 
not  in  his  power  to  overcome,  and  he  felt  himself  growing 
stronger  even  though  his  stock  of  enthusiasm  was  decreas- 
ing. 


178  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

But  lie  did  feel  good  over  his  corn  crop,  and  he  took 
great  pride  in  comparing  its  clean,  thrifty  condition  jwith 
that  of  the  corn  fields  of  his  neighbors,  ^e^waseven  a 
surprised,  himself,  at  the  amazing  growth  of  that  corn  for 
he  had  met  so  many  disappointments^)  One  morning  when 
the  hot  weather  came  on — corn  weather,  you  know,  when 
things  grow  in  a  night — he  went  to  view  his  field  of  maize. 
That  beautiful  field  of  waving,  glossy  green  had,  appar- 
ently in  one  night,  changed  to  a  plummy  yellow,  in  short, 
had  tasseled  owt. 

When  he  appeared  at  the  breakfast  table  his  face  was 
long,  very  long,  and  when  his  wife  inquired  the  cause  he 
disconsolately  remarked,  "It  is  no  use,  Mar}',  I  am  going  to 
give  it  up.  The  corn  is  ruined,  it  is  an  utter  failure,  it 
has  all  gone  to  seed." 

That  is  just  the  way  with  so  many  people  in  this  world, 
they  go  into  an  enterprise  full  of  enthusiasm,  perhaps  real 
ability,  but  do  not  take  into  consideration  the  obstacles, 
the  discouragements  and  disheartenments  that  must  enter 
into  every  phase  of  life  and  into  every  occupation,  and 
the  strength  it  will  take  to  overcome  these  little  difficulties, 
of. which  the  imaginary  is  too  often  confused  with  the  real. 
But  they  struggle  along  philisophically  and  are  finally  re- 
warded by  having  some  one  "crop"  on  the  road  to  an  appar- 
ently fruitful  harvest  and  just  when  it  is  all  ready  to  "tas- 
sel out"  and  make  great  strides  toward  maturity  some  un- 
toward circumstance  comes  up  which  they  interpret  as  dis- 
aster and  which  seems  to  them,  metaphorically  speaking, 
"the  last  straw."  Thus  when  they  are  on  the  verge  of  pros- 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  179 

perity  they  succumb  to  what  appears  to  them  to  be  the  in- 
evitable, but  what  in.  reality  is  a  mere  bagatelle.  And  all 
too  often  they  do  not  even  go  to  "Mary"  for  consolation 
and  encouragement  but  come  to  the  conclusion  that  they 
will  never  make  -a  success  in  that  line  and  decide  to  try 
something  more  congenial.  They  forget  that  in  this  new 
field  they  will  have  to  begin  at  the  beginning  again,  sow- 
ing the  seed,  tilling  their  crop,  and  thus  they  are  not  sure 
of  even  the  "fodder"  at  harvest  time. 

"Never  give  up  the  ship,"  never  meet  a  difficulty  that 
you  do  not  surmojjnt  or  somehow  turn1  to* your  own  advan- 
tage. Too  often  does  surrender  mean  disaster  and  the  utter 
defeat  of  the  greatest  desires  and  ambitions  of  life.  It  is 
well  for 'every  young  person  to  start  out  with  this  firm  re- 
solve that  whatever  is  undertaken  will  be  for  aye  and  that 
nothing  shall  daunt,  nothing  deter  them  from  the  accom- 
plishment of  their  purpose.  Every  victory  means  greater 
strength  and  greater  courage;  every  surrender  means 
greater  weakness,  if  we  fail  in  one  undertaking  we  will 
more  easily  give  up  in  the  next,  and  so  on  until  some  of 
the  waves  take  us  unawares  and  we  are  swept  off  our  feet. 
Thoroau  says :  "Whatever  your  sex  or  position,  life  is  a 
battle  in  which  you  are  to  show  your  pluck ;  and  woe  be  to 
the  coward.  Despair  and  postponement  are  cowardice  and 
defeat.  Men  are  born  to  succeed,  not  to  fail." 


180  MOSHER  SHOKTILAXD. 

FEOM  WEBSTER'S  REPLY  TO  HAYNE. 

But,  sir,  although  there  are  fears,  there  are  hopes  also. 
The  people  have  preserved  this,  their  own  chosen  Consti- 
tution, for  forty  years,  and  have  seen  their  happiness,  pros- 
perity, and  renown  grow  with  its  growth  and  strengthen 
with  its  strength.  They  are  now,  generally,  strongly  at- 
tached to  it.  Overthrown  by  direct  assault,  it  cannot  be; 
evaded,  undermined,  NULLIFIED,  it  will  not  be,  if  we  and 
those  who  shall  succeed  us  here,  as  agents  and  representa- 
tives of  the  people,  shall  conscientiously  and  vigilantly  dis- 
charge the  two  great  branches  of  our  public  trust,  faith- 
fully to'  preserve,  and  wisely  to  administer  it. 

Mr.  President,  I  have  thus  stated  the  reasons  of  my  dis- 
sent to  the  doctrines  which  have  been  advanced  and  main- 
tained. I  am  conscious  of  having  detained  you  and  the 
Senate  much  too  long.  I  was  drawn  into  the  debate  with 
no  previous  deliberation,  such  as  is  suited  to  the  discussion 
of  so  grave  and  important  a  subject.  But  it  is  a  subject 
of  which  my  heart  is  full,  and  I  have  not  been  willing  to 
suppress  the  utterance  of  its  spontaneous  sentiments.  I 
cannot,  even  now,  pers_uade  myself  to  relinquish  it,  with- 
out expressing  once  more  my  deep  conviction,  that,  since 
it  respects  nothing  less  than  the  Union  of  the  states,  it  is 
of  most  vital  and  essential  importance  to  the  public  happi' 
ness.  I  profess,  sir,  in  my  career  hitherto,  to  have  kept 
steadily  in  view  the  prosperity  and  honor  of  the  whole 
country,  and  the  preservation  of  our  Federal  Union.  It 
is  to  that  Union  we  owe  our  safety  at  home,  and  our 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


181 


^  ^L. 


182  MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 

consideration  and  dignity  abroad.  It  is  to  that  Union  that 
we  are  chiefly  indebted  for  whatever  makes  us  most  proud 
of  our  country.  That  Union  we  reached  only  by  the  dis- 
cipline of  our  virtues  in  the  severe  school  of  adversity.  It 
had  its  origin  in  the  necessities  of  disordered  finance,  pros- 
trate commerce,  and  ruined  credit.  Under  its  benign  in- 
fluences, these  great  interests  immediately  awoke,  as  from 
the(l83)dead,  and  sprang  forth  with  newness  of  life.  Every 
year  of  its  duration  has  teemed  with  fresh  proofs  of  its 
utility  and  its  blessings;  and  although  our  territory  has 
stretched  out  wider  and  wider,  and  our  population  spread 
farther  and  farther,  they  have  not  outrun  its  protection  or 
its  benefits.  It  has  been  to  us  all  a  copious  fountain  of 
national,  social,  and  personal  happiness. 

I  have  not  allowed  myself,  sir,  to  look  beyond  the  Union, 
to  see  what  might  lie  hidden  in  the  dark  recess  behind. 
I  have  not  coolly  weighed  the  chances  of  preserving  lib- 
erty when  the  bonds  that  unite  us  together  shall  be  broken 
asunder.  I  have  not  accustomed  myself  to  hang  over  the 
precipice  of  disunion,  to  see  whether,  with  my  short  sight, 
I  can  fathom  the  depth  of  the  abyss  below;  nor  could  I 
regard  him  as  a  safe  coi\nseller  in  the  affairs  of  this  gov- 
ernment, whose  thoughts  should  be  mainly  bent  on  con- 
sidering, not  how  the  Union  may  be  best  preserved,  but  how 
tolerable  might  be  the  condition  of  the  people  when  it 
should  be  broken  up  and  destroyed.  While  the  Union 
lasts,  we  have 'high,  exciting,  gratifying  prospects  spread 
out  before  us,  for  us  and  our  children.  Beyond  that  I 
seek  not  to  penetrate  the  veil.  God  grant  that,  in  my  day, 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  183 

^x  *>  (__^  -^^  .^^5?  Iy  ^f7 
,'  '          >c>^/ 

^  °^  i  ^  '  x v 


v^  .--< 

^r 
*•  ^ 


^.-^T 

/^-  -_^^ —  - 


A 


184  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

at  least,  that  curtain  may  not  rise !  God  grant  that  on  my 
vision  never  may  be  opened  what  lies  behind !  When 
my  eyes  shall  be  turned  to  behold  for  the  last  time 
the  sun  in  heaven,  may  I  not  see  him  shining  on 
the  broken  and  dishonored  fragments  of  a  once  glori- 
ous Union;  on  states  dissevered,  discordant,  belligerent; 
on  a  land  rent  with  civil  feuds,  or  drenched,  it  may 
be, (l85)in  fraternal  blood!  Let  their  last  feeble  and 
lingering  glance  rather  behold  the  gorgeous  ensign  of 
the  republic,  now  known  and  honored  throughout  the 
earth,  still  full  high  advanced,  its  arms  and  trophies 
streaming  in  their  original  lustre,  not  a  stripe  erase3~or 
polluted,  nor  a  single  star  obscured,  bearing  for  its  motto, 
no  such  miserable  interrogatory  as  "What  is  all  this 
worth  ?"  nor  those  other  words  of  delusion  and  folly,  "Lib- 
erty first  and  Union  afterwards";  but  everywhere,  spread 
all  over  in  characters  of  living  light,  blazing  on  all  its 
ample  folds,  as  they  float  over  the  sea  and  over  the  land, 
and  in  every  wind  under  the  whole  heavens,  that  other 
sentiment,  dear  to  every  true  American  heart — Liberty 
and  Union,  now  and  forever,  one  and  inseparable. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  185 


WRITING  EXERCISE. 
LITTLE  HINDRANCES  TO  SUCCESS. 

Every  young  man  and  young  woman  should  look  well  to 
the  little  things  which  cut  down  the  average  of  success- 
possibilities.  For  instance,  little  mannerisms,  such  as  ner- 
vous twitching  of  the  hands,  fumbling  with  the  fingers, 
fooling  with  whatever  is  within  reach,  peculiar  movements, 
undignified  postures  in  sitting  or  standing,  a  slouchy  gait, 
a  habit  of  saying  sharp,  unkind  things,  indulging  in  sar- 
casm— all  these  things  interefere  very  materially  with  one's 
success-possibilities. 

Many  a  man,  with  great  brain  power  and  fine  physique, 


18G  MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 

who  started  in  life  with  good  prospects,  has  failed  to  at- 
tain great  success  because  of  little  idiosyncrasies,  peculiari- 
ties of  speech  or  manner ;  things  not  in  themselves  vicious 
or  wrong,  but  which  render  him  disagreeable  or  unaccept- 
able to  those  who  have  dealings  with  him. 

If  it  were  possible  for  us  to  write  of  all  the  little  things 
which  have  cut  down  the  average  of  our  success,  and  to 
calculate  just  how  much  each  has  contributed  to  the  whole, 
it  would  be  most  helpful. 

For  example,  one  young  man's  advancement  has  been 
cut  down  twenty-five  per  cent  by  bad  temper,  a  surly,  dis- 
agreeable disposition ;  another's,  by  carelessness  in  dress,  an 
unkempt  or  slovenly  appearance;  and  yet  another's  by  a 
sharp  tongue  or  an  unkind  habit  of  criticising. 

Many  a  brilliant  and  capable  stenographer  has  failed  to 
advance,  because  she  had  disagreeable  habits  which  annoyed 
her  employer,  who,  while  he  recognized  her  ability,  pre- 
ferred a  less  able  stenographer  who  had  amiable  and  agree- 
able qualities.  The  lack  of  amiability  has  stood  in  the  way 
of  advancement  of  many  an  employee  who  wondered  why 
he  did  not  get  along. 

Disagreeable,  hurtful,  and  foolish  habits,  formed  per- 
haps unconsciously,  often  become  great  barriers  which  keep 
us  from  otherwise  well-earned  success.  It  would  pay 
young  men  and  women  who  are  eager  to  succeed,  frequently 
to  make  inventories  of  their  success-capital,  to  examine 
themselves  carefully  and  impartially,  as  if  they  were  study- 
ing the  merits  and  demerits  of  someone  else,  in  order  to 
find  whether  their  progress  is  barred,  their  whole  future 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  187 

jeopardized,  by  some  unfortunate  habit  or  peculiarity  which 
is  patent  to  everyone  by  themselves.  If  this  rigid  self; 
examination  should  result  in  the  discovery  of  a  weakness 
or  fault,  which  it  is  in  their  power  to  correct — and  this 
is  always  possible— they  have  none  but  themselves  to^blame 
if,  in  middle  life  or  later,  they  find  themselves  in  the  un- 
happy ranks  of  the  "might-have-beens." 

BRYAN'S  SPEECH  AT  CHICAGO,  JULY  18,  1903. 

(180) 

'The  ideal  controls  the  life  and  gives  it  not  only  direction 
but  form  and  constancy.  An  ideal  permanently  pursued 
crystallizes  into  character  and  becomes  the  vital  part  of 
the  individual.  If  you  know  a  man's  ideal,  you  know  the 
man  and  can  judge  with  reasonable  accuracy  what  he  will 
do  in  a  given  case.  No  one  can  ever  estiroate  the  value 
of  an  ideal,  because  it  measures  the  difference  between 
success  and  failure. 

"An  ideal  is  as  important  to  a  party  as  to  an  individual 
and  must  in  the  end  determine  not  only  the  party's  char- 
acter, but  the  party's  destiny.  The  party  ideal  is  the  ideal 
of  those  who  dominate  its  councils  and  control  its  actions, 
and  in  any  party  worthy  to  be  called  democratic  the  con- 
trolling force  should  be  a  majority  of  the  voters  of  the 
party.  As  in  the  case  of  the  individual,  so  with  the  party 
— the  character  is  formed  not  by  a  few  decisions  but  by  a 
multitude  of  facts  all  in  harmony  with  the  general  purpose 
and  all  influenced  by  the  ideal.  As  in  the  case  of  the  in- 
dividual it  is  impossible  to  follow  one  ideal  a  part  of  the 
time,  and  an  opposite  ideal  the  rest  of  the  time,  so  with 


188  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

the  party,  there  must  be  a  constant  effort  to  apply  the  same 
principles  and  the  same  methods  to  all  questions  and  issues. 

"The  distinguishing  feature  of  any  party  that  deserves 
to  be  known  as  a  democratic  party  is  its  faith  in  the  poo- 
pie,  its  desire  to  advance  the  welfare  of  the  people,  and  its 
willingness  to  have  the  people  control  their  own  affairs.  A 
democratic  party  seeks  to  administer  to  the  government  ac- 
cording to  democratic  principles,  and  its  ideas  of  a  free  gov- 
ernment is  a  government  in  which  every  department,  legis- 
lative, executive  and  judjcyal,  is  administered  according 
to  the  doctrine  of  equal  rights  to  all  and  special  privileges 
to  none.  (181) 

"A  party  with  such  an  ideal  is  more  closely  scrutinized 
and  more  quickly  criticized  than  a  party  which  makes  no 
such  pretension,  because  the  world  is  inclined  to  measure 
a  party  by  the  standard  which  it  sets  up  for  itself.  A  party 
really  democratic  cannot  do  what  another  party  might  do 
with  impunity,  because  its  own  teachings  will  be  turned 
upon  its  conduct  and  hypocrisy  added  to  its  other  sins. 

"Never  before  in  the  history  of  the  country  has  there 
been  greater  need  for  a  democratic  party  with  a  truly  demo- 
cratic ideal.  The  aristocracy  which  Hamilton  led  against 
the  democracy  of  Jefferson's  day,  and  the  plutocracy  which 
Nick  Biddle  led  against  the  democracy  of  Jackson's  day, 
have  combined  to  assault  the  democracy  of  the  present  day, 
and  these  assaults  are  supported  by  a  metropolitan  press 
more  subservient  to  capital  and  more  widely  read  than 
the  papers  of  1800  to  1832. 

"In  1896,  the  republican  party,  under  the  leadership  of 


MOSHEK  SHORTHAND. 


189 


fl 


-, 

fr—  w 


190  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

Mark  Hanna,  became  the  open  ally  of  organized  wealth, 
and  a  victory  was  secured  by  the  use  of  means  which,  when 
known,  must  be  repugnant  to  every  believer  in  the  doctrine 
of  self-government.  •  The  purchase  of  votes,  and  the  coer- 
cion of  employes — all  these  things  were  resorted  to  with 
an  audacity  never  known  in  this  country  before.  As  a 
result  of  that  election,  Mammon  was  enthroned,  the  manu- 
facturers were  permitted  to  write  the  tariff  schedules  with- 
out regard  to  the  interests  of  the  consumers,  the  financiers 
were  allowed  to  dictate  the  policy  of  the  treasury  without 
regard  to  the  interests  of  the  country  at  large,  and  the  trust 
magnates  were  permitted  to  bankrupt (103)  and  strangle 
competition  and  extort  without  limit. 

"Then  the  Spanish  war  occurred,  and  the  syndicates,  in 
complete  possession  of  the  United  States,  are  now  using  the 
American  army  and  a  carpet:l>ag  government  to  exploit 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Philippines,  whose  revergnce  for  our 
institutions  has  thus  been  converted  into  hatred  for  our 
flagT" 

"Surely  if  there  ever  was  a  time  when  the  preaching  of 
the  democratic  gospel  ought  to  be  opportune,  now  is  the 
time.  And  yet  the  time  of  greatest  opportunity  is  also 
the  time  of  greatest  danger,  for  an  opportunity  unimproved 
is  worse  than  lost.  The  character  of  our  party  is  to  be 
determined  by  the  manner  in  which  it  meets  an  opportu- 
nity, and  the  manner  in  which  it  meets  an  opportunity 
will  be  determined  by  the  ideal  that  dominates  it.  Will 
our  party  hesitate  or  take  counsel  of  its  fear??  Will  it 
abandon  its  championship  of  the  people's  interest  in  the 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


—  y 


191 


L 


o 


A  ) 


' 


192  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

hope  of  conciliating  relentless  forces  or  of  purchasing  a  few 
offices  with  campaign  contributions  that  carry  with  them 
an  obligation  to  be  -made  good  out  of  the  pockets  of  the 
people  ? 

"This  gathering  of  the  democracy  of  the  second  city  of 
the  union  ought  to  have  its  influence  in  determining  the 
party'3  position  and  in  molding  opinion  in  regard  to  the 
party.  It  has  been  said  that  no  principle  is  worth  living 
for  that  is  not  worth  dying  for;  and  so  it  may  be  said  that 
no  political  principle  is  worth  fighting  for  that  is  not 
worth  suffering  defeat  for,  and,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  one's 
devotion  to  a  principle  must  be  measured  by  what  he  is 
willing  to  suffer  in  its  behalf,  not  by  the  reward  that  he  is 
willing  to  accept  for  supporting  it.  The  democratic  party 
must  appeal  to  the  democratic  sentiment  of  the  country, ( 185) 
and  this  sentiment  is  far  wider  than  any  party.  Wherever 
the  question  has  been  submitted  in  such  a  way  that  it  could 
be  acted  upon  independently,  there  has  always  been  an 
overwhelming  majority  in  favor  of  that  which  was  demo- 
cratic, and  our  party  can  appeal  successfully  to  this  demo- 
cratic spirit  if  we  but  convince  the  people  of  our  earnest- 
ness and  of  our  fidelity  to  those  principles. 

"We  are  handicapped  just  now  by  the  fact  that  the  last 
democratic  administration  was  more  subservient  to  corpo- 
rate dictation  than  any  republican  administration  that  had 
preceded  it  and  the  record  of  that  administration  lias  been  a 
millstone  about  the  party's  neck  ever  since.  This  influence 
exerted  by  Wall  street  over  the  administration's  policy,  the 
use  of  patronage  to  reward  those  who  betrayed  their  con- 


MOSHEB  SHORTHAND. 


193 


c, 


/ 

L- 


r 


'     /     ^  -«• _   0 

'^-  '    i 


C~    -v,    ^     ^-  •» 

s( 


*y 


194  ,  MOSHER  SHOBTHAND. 


stituents,  and  the  employment  of  the  most  reprehensible  of 
republican  methods,  made  the  administration  a  stench  in 
the  nostrils  of  the  people,  and  kept  in  the  republican  party 
many  who  were  disgusted  with  that  party's  course. 

"The  odium  which  Mr.  Cleveland's  second  administra- 
tion brought  upon  the  party  which  elected  him  did  more 
to  defeat  the  party  than  any  one  plank  in  the  Chicago  plat- 
form, or  even  than  all  the  planks  that  were  most  severely 
criticized.  But  for  the  repudiation  of  the  administration 
it  would  have  been  impossible  to  make  any  campaign  at 
all,  and  even  the  repudiation,  thorough  and  complete  as  it 
was,  could  not  completely  disinfect  the  party.  The  great- 
est menace  that  the  party  has  to  meet  today  is  not  proba- 
bility, but  the  possibility  of  the  party's  return  to  the 
position  that  it  occupied  from  189.2  to  1896^  This  danger 
is  not  so (197)  imminent  as  the  corporation-controlled  papers 
make  it  appear,  but  insofar  as  it  all  threatens,  it  paralyzes 
the  energies  of  the  party  and  nullifies  its  promises.  Such 
a  return  would  indicate  a  degradation  of  the  party's,  ideals 
and  a  perversion  of  its  purpose.  It  ought  not  to  be  neces- 
sary to  remind  you  that  our  last  experiment  with  a  com- 
mercialized democracy  changed  a  democratic  majority  of 
380,000  in  1892  into  a  republican  majority  of  more  than 
1,000,000  in  1894.  It  ought  not  to  be  necessary  to  appeal 
to  history,  a  knowledge  of  human  nature  and  a  faith  in  the 
integrity  of  the  people  ought  to  conyjnce  us  that  both  prin- 
ciple and  expedjency  lead  to  an  honest  fight  with  good, 
honest  methods  for  the  support  of  those  honestly  desiring 
the  restoration  of  justice  and  equity  in  government. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

J     f  ^- 


t? 


6- 


195 


196  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

"If  the  democratic  party  will  stand  face  to  face  with 
the  future  with  confidence,  defend  the  rights  of  the  people 
and  protect  their  interests  when  attacked — whether  the 
attacks  come  from  the  financiers,  the  monopolists,  the  tariff 
barons,  or  from  the  imperialists, — it  can  look  with  confi- 
dence for  a  revolution  of  sentiment  that  will  give  us  a  vic- 
tory, and  this  victory,  when  it  comes,  will  not  end,  as  the 
victory  of  1892  did,  in  the  demoralization  of  the  party, 
but  in  the  building  up  of  a  democratic  organization  which 
will  deal  aggressively  with  all  the  evils  of  government  and 
find  its  bulwark  in  the  affection  and  confidence  of  the 
masses." 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 


197 


198  } ins HER  SHORTHAND. 

FROM  THE  ARGUMENT  OF  DANIEL  WEBSTER 
ON  THE  TRIAL  OF  JOHN  FRANCIS  KXAPP, 
FOR  THE  MURDER  OF  JOSEPH  WHITE. 

I  am  little  accustomed,  gentlemen,  to  the  part  which  I 
am  now  attempting  to  perform.  Hardly  more  than  once 
or  twice  has  it  happened  to  me  to  be  concerned  on  the  side 
of  the  government  in  any  criminal  prosecutiotfNvhatever ; 
and  never,  until  the  present  occasion,  in  any  case  affecting 
life. 

But  I  very  much  regret  that  it  should  have  been  thought 
necessar\r  to  suggest  to  you  that  I  am  brought  here  to 
''hurry  you  against  the  law  and  beyond  the  evidenr-e/'^V 
I  hope  I  have  too  much  regard  for  justice,  and  too  much 
respect  for  my  own  character,  to  attempt  either ;  and  were 
I  to  make  such  attempt,  I  am  sure  that  in  this  court  noth- 
ing can  be  carried  against  the  law,  and  that  gentlemen,  in- 
^•olligent  and  just  as  you  are,  are  not.  by  any  power,  to  be 
hurried  beyond  the  evidence.  Though  I  could  well  have 
wished  to  shun  this  occasion,  I  have  not  felt  at  liberty  to 
withhold  my  professional  assistance,  when  it  is  supposed 
that  I  may  be  in  some  degree  useful  in  investigating  and 
discovering  the  truth  respecting  this  most  extraordinary^ 
murder.-l  It  has  seemed  to  be  a  duty  incumbent  on  me,  as 
on  every  other  citizen,  to  do  my  best  and  my  utmost  to 

bring  to  light  the  perpetrators-  of  this  crime.     Against 

~s\ 

the  prisoner  at  the  bar,  as  an  individual,  I  cannot  have  the 
slightest  prejudice.  I  would  not  do  him  the  smallest  in- 
jury or  injustice.  But  I  do  not  affect  to  be  indifferent 
to  the  discovery  and  the  punishment  of  this  deep  guilt.  I 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  199 


cheerfully  share  in  the  opprobrium,  how  great  soever  it  may 
be,  which  is  cast  on  those  who  feel  and  manifest  an  anxious 
concern  that  all  who  had  a  part  in  planning,  or  a  hand 
in  executing,  this  deed  of  midnight  assassination,  may  be 
brought  to  answer  for  their  enormous  crime  at  the  bar  of 
public  justice. 

Gentlemen,  it  is  a  most  extraordinary  case.  In  some  re- 
spects, it  has  hardly  a  precedent  anywhere;  certainly  none 
in  our  New  England  history.  This  bloody  drama  exhibited 
no  suddenly  excited,  ungovernable  rage.  The  actors  in  it 
were  not  surprised  by  any '  lion-like  temptation  springing 
upon  their  virtue,  and  overcoming  it,  before  resistance 
could  begin.  Nor  did  they  do  the  deed  to  glut  savage  ven- 
geance, or  satiate^ long-settled  and  deadly  hate.  It  was  a 
cool,  calculating,  money-making  murder.  It  was  all  "hire 
and  salary,  not  revenge."  It  was  the  weighing  of  money 
against  life;  the  counting  out  of  so  many  pieces  of  silver 
against  so  many  ounces  of  blood. 

An  aged  man,  without  an  enemy  in  the  world,  in  his  own 
house,  and  in  his  own  bed,  is  made  the  victim  of  a  butcherly -T' 
murder,  for  mere  pay.  Truly,  here  is  a  new  lesson  for 
painters  and  poets.  Whoever  shall  hereafter  draw  the  p_or- 
trait  of  murder,  if  he  will  show  it  as  it  has  been  exhibited, 
where  such  example  was  last  to  have  been  looked  for,  in  the 
very  bosom  of  our  New  England  society,  let  him  not  give  it 
the  grim  visage  of  Molojjli,  the  brow  knitted  by  revenge, 
the  face  black  with  settled  hate,  and  the  bloodshot  eye 
emitting  livid  fires  of  malice.  Let  him  draw,  rather,  a 
decorous,  smooth-faced,  bloodless  demon;  a  picture  in  re- 


200  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

pose,  rather  than  in  action ;  not  so  much  an  example  of  hu- 
man nature  in  its  depravity,  and  in  its  paroxysms  of  crime, 
as  an  infernal  being,  a  fiend,  in  the  ordinary  display  and 
dejvelopment  of  character. 

The  deed  was  executed  with  a  degree  of  self-possession 
and  steadiness  equal  to  the  wickedness  with  which  it  was 
planned.  The  circumstances  now  clearly  in  evidence 
spread  out  the  whole  scene  before  us.  Deep  sleep  had 
fallen  on  the  destined  victim,  and  on  all  beneath  his  roof. 
A  healthful  old  man,  to  whom  sleep  was  sweet,  the  first 
sound  slumbers  of  the  night  held  him  in  their  soft  but 
strong  embrace.  The  assassin  enters,  through  the  window 
already  prepared,  into  an  unoccupied  apartnient.  With 
noiseless  foot  he  paces  the  lonely  hall,  half  lighted  by  the 
moon;  he  winds  up  the  ascent  of  the  stairs,  and  reaches  th  • 
door  of  the  chamber.  vOf  this,  he  moves  the  lock,  by  soft^ 
and  continued  pressure,  till  it  turns  on  its  hinges  without 
noise;  and  he  enters,  and  beholds  his  victim  before  him. 
The  room  is  uncommonly  open  to  the  admission  of  lig! 
The  face  of  the  innocent  sleeper  is  turned  from  the  mur- 
derer, and  the  beams  of  the  moon,  resting  on  the  gray  kicks 
of  his  aged  temple  show  him  where  to  strike.  The  fatal 
blow  is  given  !  and  the  victim  passes,  without  a  struggle  or 
a  motion,  from  the  repose  of  sleep  to  the  repose  of  death  ! 
It  is  the  assassin's  purpose  io  make  sure  work :  and  he  plies 
the  dagger,  though  it  is  obvious  that  life  has  been  de- 
stroyed by  the  blow  of  the  bludgeon.  He  even  raises  the  aged 
arm,  that  he  may  not  fail  in  his  aim  at  the  heart,  and  re- 
places it  auain  over  the  wounds  of  the  poniard  !  To  finish 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  201 

i 

the  picture,  he  explores  the  wrist  for  the  pulse !  He  feels 
for  it,  and  ascertains  that  it  beats  no  longer !  It  is  accom- 
plished. The  deed  is  done.  He  ^etreats,  retraces  his  steps 
to  the  window,  passes  out  through  it  as  he  came  in,  and  es- 
capes. He  has  done  the  murder.  No  eye  has  seen  him, 
no  ear  has  heard  him.  The  secret  is  his  own,  and  it  is 
safe! 

Ah !  gentlemen,  that  was  a  dreadful  mistake.  Such  a 
secret  can  be  safe  nowhere.  The  whole  creation  of  God  has 
neither  nook  nor  corner  where  the  guilty  can  bestow  it,  and 
say  it  is  safe.  Not  to  speak  of  that  eye  which  pierces 
through  all  disguises,  and  beholds  everything  as  in  the 
splendor  of  noon,  such  secrets  of  guilt  are  never  safe  from 
detection,  even  by  men.  True  it  is,  generally  speaking, 
that  "murder  will  out."  True  it  is,  that  Providence  hath 
so  ordained,  and  doth  so  govern  things,  that  those  who 
break  the  great  law  of  Heaven  by  shedding  man's  blood 
seldom  succeed  in  avoiding  discovery.  Especially,  in  a 
case  exciting  so  much  attention  as  this,  discovery  must 
come,  and  will  come,  sooner  or  later.  A  thousand  eyes 
turn  at  once  to  explore  every  man,  every  thing,  every  cir- 
cumstance, connected  with  the  time  and  place;  a  thou- 
sand ears  catch  every  whisper;  a  thousand  excited  minds 
intensely  dwell  on  the  scene,  shedding  all  their  light,  and 
ready  to  kindle  the  slightest  circumstance  into1^  blaze  of 
discovery.  Meantime  the  guilty  soul  cannot  keep  its  own 
secret.  It  is  false  to  itself;  or  rather  it  feels  an  irresistible 
impulse  of  conscience  to  be  true  to  itself.  It  labors  under 
its  guilty  possession,  and  knows  not  what  to  do  with  it. 

• 


202  MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 

The  human  heart  was  not  made  for  the  residence  of  such 
an  inhabitant.  It  finds  itself  preyed  on  by  a  torment, 
which  it  dares  not  acknowledge  to  God  or  man.  A  vulture 
is  devouring  it,  and  it  can  ask  no  sympathy  or  assistance, 
either  from  heaven  or  earth.  The  secret  which  the  mur- 
derer possesses  soon  comes  to  possess  him;  and,  like  the 
evil  spirits  of  which  we  read,  it  overcomes  him  and  leads 
him  whithersoever  He  will.  He  feels  it  beating  at  his  heart, 
rising  to  his  throat,  and  demanding  disclosure.  He  thinks 
the  whole  world  sees  it  in  his  face,  reads  it  in  his  eyes,  and 
almost  hears  its  workings  in  the  very  silence  of  his 
thoughts.  It  has  become  his  master.  It  betrays  his  dis- 
cretion, it  breaks  down  his  courage,  it  conquers  his  pru- 
dence. When  suspicions  from  without  begin  to  embarrass^ 
him,  and  the  net  of  circumstance  to  entangle  him,  the 
fatal  secret  struggles  with  still  greater  violence  to  burst 
forth.  It  must  be  confessed,  it  will  be  confessed ;  there  is 
no  refuge  from  confession  but  suicide,  and  suicide  is  con- 
fession. 

IS  THERE  IRON  IN  YOUR  BLOOD? 

Some  of  the  best  people  we  ever  knew — good  companions, 
splendid  friends,  and  extremely  agreeable, —  have  never 
accomplished  anything  worthy  of  their  ability,  simply  be- 
cause they  had  no  stamina.  They  were  tame,  common- 
place; they  lacked  the  fire,  the  force,  the  originality  and 
the  push  that  accomplish  things. 

People  whose  blood  is  full  of  positive  force  are  the 
leaders,  the  aggressive  men  who  get  to  the  front.  They  do 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND.  203 

not  lag  and  loiter  behind,  waiting  to  be  attacked.  They 
take  the  initiative;  they  push  ahead,  regardless  of  obstacles. 

One  of  the  first  things  to  do,  in  starting  out  for  success, 
is  to  show  the  world  that  you  are  not  made  of  putty,  or 
straw,  but  that  you  have  some  stability  in  you.  You  should 
make  a  reputation  as  early  as  possible  for  doing  things. 
Let  your  friends  know  that  whatever  you  put  your  hands 
1o  will  be  accomplished,  no  matter  what  may  stand,  in  the 
way. 

The  moment  you  establish  the  reputation  of  a  man  of 
stamina,  of  firm,  prompt  decision, — of  one  who  does  not 
waver,  vacillate  or  wabble, — the  world  will  make  way  for 
you.  But  the  moment  you  show  a  disposition  to  be  easy, 
to  allow  yourself  to  be  pushed  to  one  side,  and  people  see 
Hint  there  is  no  iron  in  you,  but  that  you  are  made  of 
soft  metal,  they  will  trample  on  you,  and  crowd  you  to 
the  wall. 

It  is  the  determined  man,  the  one  whose  decision  is 
prompt  and  final,  who  is  resolute  and  aggressive,  that  not 
only  succeeds,  but  also  wins  the  respect  and  confidence  of 
the  community  in  which  he  lives.  People  believe  in  him, 
because  he  is  a  man  of  force.  They  know  that  he  will  not 
dilly-dally  or  turn  his  back  upon  the  enemy,  but  that  he 
can  be  depended  upon  to  stand  firm  and  push  toward  his 
goal. 

There  is  no  quality  which  gains  more  admiration  and  re- 
spect than  that  which  enables  a  man  to  form  a  definite 
purpose,  and  then  to  concentrate  all  his  energy  in  execut- 
ing it. 


204 


r 
1 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND. 
CITIES  AND  COUNTRIES. 


KEY. 

Allegheny,  Baltimore,  Brooklyn,  Buffalo,  Cambridge, 
Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Boston,  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  Covington,  Denver,  Syracuse,  Des  Homes,  De- 
troit, Dubuque,  Topeka,  Fort  Wayne,  Grand1  Rapids,  Hart- 
ford, Jersey  City,  Kansas  City,  Louisville,  Memphis,  Mil- 
waukee, Minneapolis,  Newark,  New  Haven,  New  Orleans, 
Pittsburg,  Portland,  Providence,  Richmond,  Terre  Haute, 
Toledo,  Trenton,  Troy,  Washington,  Worcester,  Omaha, 
Wilmington,  Manchester,  Rochester,  Lincoln,  London,  Liv- 
erpool, Paris,  United  States,  England,  France,  Germany, 
Spain,  Cuba,  Canada,  Philippine,  Ireland,  Scotland,  Aus- 
iria,  Australia,  Africa,  Hawaii,  Philadelphia. 


MOSHER  SHORTHAND.  205 

DAY  AND  MONTHS. 


r// 


KEY. 

Sunday,  Monday,  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday,  Fri- 
day, Saturday,  yesterday,  today,  January,  February, 
March,  April,  May,  June,  July,  August,  September,  Octo- 
ber, November,  December. 

STATES  AND  TEEKITOEIES. 


KEY. 

< 

Alabama,  Alaska,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  California,  Colo- 
rado, Connecticut,  Delaware,  District  .of  Columbia,  Florida, 
Georgia,  Idaho,  Illinois^  Indiana,  Indian  Territory,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Maryland,  Massachu- 
setts, Michigan,  Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Montana, 


206 


MOSIIER  SHORTHAND. 


Xenraska,  "Nevada,  Xew  I  ratnpshire,  New  Jersey,  Xeur 
Mexico,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Ohio>\ 
Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Ehode  Island,  South  | 
Carolina,  South 'Dakota,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Utah,  Vermont, 
Virginia,,  Washington,  West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  Wyo- 

u     •• 

n  //in/4 


ERRATA.    Page  55:^Jne  last  word^if  the  ke  Ashould  be  "dents" 
place  of  "dense."  *9+*"l*JUtL    t^Mfe***  fl^ 

Page  91:  "Magnate"  wTouldoewrTtten  with  "ITK^aTId  a  disjoined  "t." 

Page  96— third  line  of  shorthand:  The  '  p"  in  tlie  word  "paramount" 
is  nearly  obscured;  and  in  lipeJT  the  vowel  and  ;\, 
in  the  phrase 

Pagt- 1:!8 
"our  prompt  ^ _ 

The  form  used  for  the  phl'a^yalfQ^a^l^page 
the  form  used  on  page  189,  line  I3.*^>»  ^  ^.ft_«_ffc    ^ 

On  page  116,  in  key  to 
"citizens." 


omittea  in 


/  6— t) 


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«A 


UNIVERSITY 


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